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Electricity Basics. Walt Pozgay Quality Test Engineer GE Appliances, a Haier Company. The Atom. Proton – Positive Charge Neutron – Neutral Charge Electron – Negative Charge. The Valence Shell. Outermost ring of electrons. Most responsible for electrical property of a material.
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Electricity Basics Walt Pozgay Quality Test Engineer GE Appliances, a Haier Company
The Atom • Proton – Positive Charge • Neutron – Neutral Charge • Electron – Negative Charge
The Valence Shell • Outermost ring of electrons. • Most responsible for electrical property of a material. • 8 Valence electrons make a stable atom.
Insulators • Stable Valence Shell. • Most plastics and glasses are good insulators. • Most common insulators in electronics are • Plastic/Rubber • Glass/Ceramic • Air
Conductors • Fewer Valence Electrons. • Most metals are good conductors. • Most common conductors in electronics are • Silver (1) • Copper (1) • Aluminum (3)
Semiconductors • Usually 4 Valence Electrons. • Sort of conductors and sort of insulators. • Most common semiconductors in electronics are • Silicon (4) • Carbon (4)
What is electricity? • Electricity is energy caused by the difference between charges. • When the difference in charge is enough to apply force to an electron to make it move, that force is called Voltage. • When electrons are forced to move, the flow of electrons is called Current.
The Circuit • Source of Voltage • Resistance to control Current and make work happen • Path for Current
The Source • Creates a surplus of electrons on one side (negative, cathode) and a deficiency of electrons on the other (positive, anode). • Voltage is between the anode and the cathode. • Electrons always move from negative to positive. In DC, negative and positive stay on the same side. In AC, they change sides periodically.
The Load • Does the work of the circuit. • Voltage is felt across the load. Current flows through the load.
The Path • Creates a controlled route for the electrons to flow. • Current is along the path and is constant at every point on the same path. • The path must provide at least one continuous route for the electrons from the source’s cathode to the anode.
