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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Chapter 19. Acids. a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) hydronium (H 3 O + ) is created Water + Hydrogen ion = hydronium H 2 O + H + = (H 3 O + ). Acids. Properties of. sour taste (lemons, vinegar)

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases Chapter 19

  2. Acids • a substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions (H+) • hydronium (H3O+) is created Water + Hydrogen ion = hydronium H2O + H+ = (H3O+)

  3. Acids Properties of • sour taste (lemons, vinegar) • reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas • corrosive, destroys metals, burns skin

  4. Acids Uses of • separate metals from their ores • sulfuric acid – fertilizers • hydrochloric acid – your stomach for digestion • carbonic acid and phosphoric acid – sodas taste

  5. Bases • a substance which when added to water produces hydroxide ions (OH-) Sodium Hydroxide (in water) = Sodium ion + Hydroxide Ion NaOH = Na+ + (OH-)

  6. Base Properties of • bitter taste • feels slippery, like soap • corrosive, destroys metals, burns skin

  7. Base Uses of • sodium hydroxide – soap • cleaning products – ammonia, detergents • calcium hydroxide – plaster, cement • magnesium hydroxide – antacids for heartburn • sodium bicarbonate – baking soda

  8. Indicators • Litmus paper Color Blue Litmus Red Litmus Acid turns red stays red Base stays same turns blue way to remember Base turns Blue

  9. Indicators • Liquids • thymolblue • methyl yellow • methyl orange • bromphenol blue • bromcresol green • methyl red • bromthymol blue • phenol red • alizarin yellow • cresol red • thymolphthalein • Phenolphthalein • Red cabbage juice is a commonly used indicator. • Liquids change different color in the presence of acids and bases.

  10. Neutralization Neutralization • When and acid mixes with a base, water is formed. Why? hydrogen ion + hydroxide ion = water (H+) + OH– = H20 • The left over stuff makes salts.

  11. Strength of acids and Bases • Strong acids create a lot of hydrogen ions. • Strong bases create a lot of hydroxide ions. • Determined by pH Scale pH – measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution • How to measure pH paper – changes color based on strength of acid or base

  12. pH scale • range from 0 to 14 • more acidic = lower number • more basic = higher number • Acids and Bases stronger acid stronger base

  13. pH Scale • A solution of pH 5 has a 2 unit change with water ( from 7 to 5 ), so it is 10 x 10 or 100x as acidic as water. • A substance like your retainer cleaner that has a pH of 8 is 10x more basic than water.

  14. pH scale • As you go from pH 7 to pH 8 there are 10 times more OH- ions • Every level of the pH scale represents a ten fold (ten times) increase in the concentration of the H+ or OH- ions

  15. Because the pH scale is a log scale based on 10, the pH changes by 1 for every power of 10 change in the [H+].

  16. Sites • Sugar and Sulfuric Acid • Sulfuric Acid

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