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Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II

Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II. Rule ordering – when there are multiple rules in the data, we have to decide if these rules interact with each other and how to order those rules to arrive at the correct outcome (surface forms as presented by the data). Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II.

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Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II

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  1. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II • Rule ordering – when there are multiple rules in the data, we have to decide if these rules interact with each other and how to order those rules to arrive at the correct outcome (surface forms as presented by the data).

  2. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II Consider the following English data. What are the two rules observed in these data? Liquid devoicing: Liquids become voiceless after a voiceless stop at the beginning of a syllable. Schwa deletion: Schwa is deleted in an open syllable followed by a stressed syllable.

  3. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II

  4. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II

  5. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II With respect to order of these rules and the actual outcome, what relationship must they occur in? Feeding

  6. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II • Canadian Raising

  7. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II flapping = tapping

  8. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II This order predicts the actual speech correctly – what relationship are these rules in? Bleeding

  9. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II Hayes argues that this does not prove separate phonemes, but rather a displaced contrast. Basically, since the underlying forms of the tap show 2 phonemes (their distinction has been neutralized), and since the minimal pair only shows up before a tap, then the forms do not show a minimal pair at the phoneme level. Kinda circular, but hey that’s phonological theory! 

  10. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II Assume that [d] in this language is actually a dental sound, not alveolar Also, are oral and nasal vowels allophones of the same phoneme or separate phonemes?

  11. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II before [r], [a]; after [m], [n]; word initially, etc i_ a elsewhere #_ y #_ i all between vowels

  12. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II What are the phonemes? /b/ /d/ and /g/ and oral vowels What 2 rules can you identify applying in the data? Voiced stops become voiced fricatives between vowels. Vowels become nasalized before nasal.

  13. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II What is the phonemic forms of the following:

  14. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II Does it matter what order these words apply in? No, there is no feeding or bleeding relationship

  15. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II

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  20. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II We see that vowels show up as long when end of word but NOT when end of phrase so we need 2 rules. PFS WFL

  21. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II Since phrase final is ALSO word final, we need to order the rules so that PFS applies after WFL so that we don’t end up with a long vowel at end of phrase. How do we know this order? Try it both ways and see which gives us the grammatical surface form

  22. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II What about interaction between WFL and Preantepenultimate Shortening (PAS) WFL Preantepenultimate shortening (PAS) [+syllabic]  [–long] / __ C0 V C0 V C0 V One lengthens a vowel and one shortens it so they could interact. We need proof so here are some more data

  23. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II What about interaction between WFL and Preantepenultimate Shortening (PAS) WFL Preantepenultimate shortening (PAS) [+syllabic]  [–long] / __ C0 V C0 V C0 V According to WFL, the final vowel of [kuna] should be long but it isn’t. Why? Because it is more than 3 syllables from end so PAS blocks it. So we need to order them like this: Not like this:

  24. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II What about interaction between WFL and Preantepenultimate Shortening (PAS) WFL Preantepenultimate shortening (PAS) [+syllabic]  [–long] / __ C0 V C0 V C0 V More proof Therefore:

  25. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II Now we have this: To explain, we need this: PLS

  26. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II Here is a derivation:

  27. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II Since all these rules deal with long and short vowels at different places in the word, then these rules need to apply in the correct order to arrive at the correct surface forms. Also, need to apply after morphology and after syntax since they refer to the domains of word final and phrase final! Ch 7 Exercises 1-3 ask to prove what order these various rules apply. You need to show multiple derivations for each form to show when the rules are in a certain order, they will derive the correct output or not. Hayes gives you a hint by showing how the rules must be ordered

  28. Ch 7 – Phonological Alternation II Look at Ex 5 Ch 7 and discuss. Look at fake Greek data and discuss.

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