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Fachpraktikum Immunreaktionen der Haut

Fachpraktikum Immunreaktionen der Haut. Unterlagen zum Selbstudium vor dem Praktikum oder als Repetitorium Prof Dr. Beda M. Stadler Institut für Immunologie. Text oder Illustrationen die orange umrandet sind dienen der Information

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Fachpraktikum Immunreaktionen der Haut

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  1. FachpraktikumImmunreaktionen der Haut Unterlagen zum Selbstudium vor dem Praktikum oder als Repetitorium Prof Dr. Beda M. Stadler Institut für Immunologie Text oder Illustrationen die orange umrandet sind dienen der Information und sind nicht Lernstoff. Falls Sie diese Unterlagen als PDF File und nicht als PPT haben verpassen Sie die Animationen.

  2. Das wissen Sie! Immunreaktionen der Haut

  3. Working DefinitionHYPERSENSITIVITY adverse clinical reaction to the antigen or, “when the immune system does something bad to the host, i.e. tissue damage” Immunreaktionen der Haut

  4. Coombs and Gell’s Classification of Hypersensitivity Immunreaktionen der Haut

  5. Type I Hypersensitivity • Known as: • Immediate hypersensitivity • Anaphylaxis • IgE-associated immune responses Immunreaktionen der Haut

  6. Type-I Hypersensitivity: Animation I Production of IgE in Response to an Allergen Immunreaktionen der Haut

  7. Type-I Hypersensitivity: Animation II Allergen Interaction with IgE on the Surface of Mast Cells triggers the Release of Inflammatory Mediators Immunreaktionen der Haut

  8. Sensitization Immunreaktionen der Haut

  9. Triggering Phase Immunreaktionen der Haut

  10. Mast cells and Basophils Immunreaktionen der Haut

  11. IgE-mediated Activation Immunreaktionen der Haut

  12. Biochemical Pathways of IgE-FcRI Activation of Mast Cells Immunreaktionen der Haut

  13. Complement: Classical Pathway Immunreaktionen der Haut

  14. Anaphylactic-type Degranulation of a Mast Cell Immunreaktionen der Haut

  15. Products of Human Mast Cells Cytokines IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-12, TGF-b Granule proteinsMBP, ECP, EPO Epithelial damage / loss Muscarinic M2 dysfunction/ AHR Attract/activate eosinophils Airway remodelling, IgE, Th2 polarisation LTC4, PAF Chemokines Eotaxin, RANTES Mucus hypersecretion, Airway narrowing Attract/activate pro-inflammatory cells Attract/activate eosinophils Immunreaktionen der Haut

  16. Skin Prick Test In this test a small needle is used to gently prick the skin through a drop of fluid containing a known allergen. It is usually done on the forearm, although with young children it may be done on the back so they don't have to see what is happening. A negative reaction means that you do not have an allergy to that particular allergen. Your clinical symptoms should correlate with the allergens to which you test positive, only then can an allergy be confidently diagnosed. Immunreaktionen der Haut

  17. Die Normale Haut …in einem sensibilisierten Individuum Immunreaktionen der Haut

  18. Sofort-Reaktion (Minuten) • Allergen überwindet Barrieren • Rezeptorgebundenes IgE wird kreuzvernetzt • Mediatoren verusachen arterielle Dilatation • Erhöhung der venösen Permeabilität • Blutstau • Erythem entsteht, Extravasation von Plasma • Schwellung (Quaddel); Histamin wirkt auf sensorische Nerven • Neuropeptide stimulieren arterielle Dilatation • Es kommt zur peripheren Rötung (flare) Immunreaktionen der Haut

  19. Die Spätreaktion • Mastzellen und • Th2 Zellen produzieren Zytokine, • wodurch weitere Entzündungszellen aus der Peripherie angelockt werden. Dadurch entsteht eine nochmalige Schwellung und Rötung. Immunreaktionen der Haut

  20. Immediate and Delayed Phases of Type I Hypersensitivity Immediate Delayed Hier ein guter Link mit Beispielen http://www.fpnotebook.com/ENT48.htm Immunreaktionen der Haut

  21. Vasculature Skin Upper respiratory Lower respiratory GI Tract Immunreaktionen der Haut

  22. Products of Human Eosinophils Immunreaktionen der Haut

  23. Inflammation during Bronchial Asthma Immunreaktionen der Haut

  24. Higher magnification of Bronchial Asthma Infiltration of eosinophils (bright red cytoplasmic granules). Immunreaktionen der Haut

  25. Intervention for Type I Hypersensitivity Immunreaktionen der Haut

  26. Intervention for Type I Hypersensitivity Animation: Treatment with monoclonal anti-IgE antibody Immunreaktionen der Haut

  27. Type II Hypersensitivity • Directed at Cell-surface or Matrix Antigen • Mediated by IgG • Immune Processes involved: • Classical Complement Pathway • Phagocytosis via FcR and Complement receptor • ADCC via NK cells or eosinophils • Many autoimmune diseases result from type II hypersensitivity generated by autoantibodies Immunreaktionen der Haut

  28. Type II HypersensitivityAntibody-Complement Dependent Mediated Lysis Animation: IgG or IgM reacts with epitopes on the host cell membrane and activates the classical complement pathway. Membrane attack complex (MAC) then causes lysis of the cell. Immunreaktionen der Haut

  29. Type II HypersensitivityAntibody-Complement Dependent Mediated Lysis Example: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Immunreaktionen der Haut

  30. Complement Cascade Immunreaktionen der Haut

  31. Type II HypersensitivityAntibody Dependent Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity Animation: Antibodies react with epitopes on the host cell membrane and NK cells bind to the Fc of the antibodies. The NK cells then lyse the cell with pore-forming perforins and cytotoxic granzymes Immunreaktionen der Haut

  32. Type II HypersensitivityAntibody-Mediated Cell Disfunction Example: Myasthenia Gravis Immunreaktionen der Haut

  33. Type III Hypersensitivity • “Immune complex disease” • Soluble Ag/IgG or IgM • high titers of each required • Immune processes involved: • classical complement pathway • phagocytic cells Immunreaktionen der Haut

  34. Type-III Hypersensitivity: Immune Complex Animation: Large quantities of soluble antigen-antibody complexes form in the blood and are not completely removed by macrophages. These antigen-antibody complexes lodge in the capillaries between the endothelial cells and the basement membrane. The antigen-antibody complexes activate the classical complement pathway and complement proteins and antigen-antibody complexes attract leukocytes to the area. The leukocytes then discharge their killing agents and promote massive inflammation. This leads to tissue death and hemorrhage Immunreaktionen der Haut

  35. Arthus Reaction Immunreaktionen der Haut

  36. Serum sickness Immunreaktionen der Haut

  37. Sites of Complex Deposition Site Outcome glomeruli glomerulonephritis blood vessel wall arteritis synovial membrane arthritis skin rash Note: Ab responsible for immune complexes may be generate at a site distant from the point of deposition. Immunreaktionen der Haut

  38. Predisposing Conditions • Repeated antigenic exposure • Chronic infection • Autoimmunity • Cancer Immunreaktionen der Haut

  39. Acute Vascular RejectionFollowing Cardiac Transplant Note: Immune complex deposition in the vessels. Immunreaktionen der Haut

  40. Examples of Type IV Hypersensitivity Immunreaktionen der Haut

  41. TH1-mediated Type IV Hypersensitivity Immunreaktionen der Haut

  42. TH1 Influence of Immune Response Immunreaktionen der Haut

  43. Positive Tuberculin Reaction Immunreaktionen der Haut

  44. Pathways of Cytotoxicity utilized by CTL’s Immunreaktionen der Haut

  45. Contact Dermatitis Maybe due to either TH1 or CTL mediated hypersensitivity Immunreaktionen der Haut

  46. Patch test This test is used to diagnose delayed allergic reactions such as Contact Dermatitis. It involves taping traces of various known contact allergens on the skin and keeping them there for 48 hours. It can test for allergy to Rubber, Nickel, Lanolin, dyes, cosmetics, solvents, preservatives, and medication. Immunreaktionen der Haut

  47. THE END! • To understand various forms of hypersensitivity  Coombs and Gell is helpful, but… • remember that many response reflect input for more than one type! Immunreaktionen der Haut

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