The Confederation Era

1. The Confederation Era Chapter 7 - Section 1

2. What were the “New State Governments” • After declaring independence each state had to create its own state government • All states had a republican form of government • some states included a Bill of Rights in their Constitution

3. Republic arepublic form of government is based on the “rule of law” arepublic form of government is created to protect citizens’ rights • In arepublicthe people choose representatives to govern them

4. What were “The Articles of Confederation” • 1776- Congress begins to develop a national government • it was agreed that it should be a republic

5. “The Articles of Confederation” • Continental Congress arrives at afinal plan, called • The Articles of Confederation

6. “The Articles of Confederation” • National government was • A one branch government • The Confederation Congress • Each state hadonevote

7. Delegated powers: powers given to the national government From State governments

8. “The Articles of Confederation” National government hadfewpowersdelegatedto it. *Powers to: declare war make peace sign treaties issue money

9. “The Articles of Confederation”

10. “The Articles of Confederation” Most important powers under the Articleswerereservedby the state Included were authority to tax enforce national laws

11. “The Articles of Confederation” • disagreed • Who should control the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains • national governmentor thestate

12. “The Articles of Confederation” • Articles of Confederation were passed in Nov. 1777 • Sent to states for ratification • Eight states ratified it by July of 1778

13. “The Articles of Confederation” Small states with no claims on western land refused to sign These states believed it gave states with western lands an unfair advantage

14. “The Articles of Confederation” • finally all western lands were turned over the National government • small states then ratified the Article • *1781 Maryland was 13th and finale state to ratifyThe Articles of Confederation

15. What wasThe Northwest Ordinance? • Articles of Confederation said nothing about admitting new states • nor • what to do with the Western lands it now controlled

16. The Articles of Confederation • To deal with process of admitting states Congress passed • TWO laws • 1. - Land Ordinance of 1785 • 2. -The Northwest Ordinance

17. Land Ordinance of 1785 • *1st - Land Ordinance of 1785 • set up system for settling the Northwest Territory

18. Land Ordinance of 1785 • divided into townships • Township would have 36 sections • (section = 1 square mile or 640 acres)

19. Congress plan to sell section to settlers for $640. • 1 section in every township would be for public schools

20. The Northwest Ordinance provided a way to admit new state and set a pattern for the orderlygrowth of The United States

21. The Northwest Ordinance When settlers # 60,000 free settlers in a territory it could apply to Congress for statehood New state would be =to all original states in every way

22. The Northwest Ordinance • outlawed slavery in the new territory

23. The Northwest Ordinance • said region was to be • divided into 3 to 5 separate territories in future

24. The Northwest Ordinance • FIVEstates carved from Northwest Territories • Ohio, • Indiana, • Illinois • Wisconsin • Michigan,

25. THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE • WAS THE FINEST ACHIEVEMENT of • The Articles of Confederation

26. What were theWeaknesses of the Articles? • *1.Notaxing power • Congress couldrequest$from states butcould not requireStates to pay taxes. • So few did.

27. Weaknesses of the Articles • *2.Inflation • Continental Congress had issued paper dollars to pay its war debt • The paper dollars were not backed by gold or silver • It took 40 paper dollars to equal 1 silver dollar

28. Inflation • $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ • TheContinental dollarwas worthless • Worthless

29. Inflation • Worthless

30. Weaknesses of the Articles • *3.Tariff Wars • a state would charge its rival state a tariff on goods that were imported from that rival state • Tariff • tax on imported goods

31. Weaknesses of the Articles Quarreling Among the States *4.NO!court system where states could settle disagreements

32. Weaknesses of the Articles • * 5.Foreign Affairs in Shambles • Each state haddifferent trade regulation which made it difficultfor foreign countries to trade

33. Weaknesses of the Articles • *6.Foreign countries distrusted the Confederation • WHY???? • The Confederation hadno controlofthe purse stringsto back its agreements.

34. Shays’ Rebellion

35. What wasShays’ Rebellion? • Farmers Revolt • * After Revolution US suffers aneconomicdepression(E.D.) • (business activity slows, prices & wages fall, & unemployment rises)

36. *Economic depression (E.D.) • business activity slows, prices & wages fall, & unemployment rises

37. Shays’ Rebellion • Farmers hit hard by E.D. • During war demand for food high ↑ • To produce more food farmers borrow $ for land, seed, animals, and tools

38. Shays’ Rebellion • War ends demand falls ↓ • Farmerscan not payloans • Massachusetts farmers hurt more whenstate raises their taxes

39. Shays’ Rebellion • Courts took farms • when loans or taxes weren’t paid • Farmers protest

40. Shay’s Rebellion

41. Shays’ Rebellion • 1786 Shays’ Rebellion • Daniel Shayswas Mass. Farmer (fought at Bunker Hill) tries to save his farm

42. Shays’ Rebellion • raises2000 farmers • attack courthousesto prevent sale of property as payment for debt

43. On the court house steps

44. Shay’s Rebellion • *Massachusetts legislaturesentmilitiaout to drive them off this ends the Rebellion

45. Shay’s Rebellion • * 7.Shays’ Rebellionviewed as a sign thattheArticles of Confederationdid notwork • (TOO Weak)

46. Shay’s Rebellion • TheConfederation governmenthad been • too weak • to respond to • Shay’s Rebellion

47. Shay’s Rebellion • Leaders from several states called for a convention torevisetheArticles of Confederation • Gather in Philadelphia 1787