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Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals. Tyler Jones , Nick Jasinski, Kristen Morrison. History/Discovery.

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Alkali Metals

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  1. Alkali Metals Tyler Jones, Nick Jasinski, Kristen Morrison

  2. History/Discovery • Lithium-Discovered in 1800 by the Brazilianchemist José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva in a mine on the island on Utö, Sweden. This new element formed compounds similar to those of sodium and potassium, though its carbonate and hydroxide were less soluble in water and more alkaline than the other alkali metals‘. • Sodium-Sodium's chemical abbreviation Na was first published by JönsJakob Berzelius in his system of atomic symbols and is a contraction of the element's new Latinname natrium which refers to the Egyptian natron. Although sodium (sometimes called "soda" in English) has long been recognized in compounds, the metal itself was not isolated until 1807 by Humphry Davy through the electrolysis of caustic soda.

  3. History/Discovery • Potassium-Was first isolated in 1807 in England by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash (KOH), by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile. Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis. Later in the same year, Davy reported extraction of the metal sodium from a mineral derivative rather than a plant salt, by a similar technique, demonstrating that the elements, and thus the salts, are different. • Rubidium-Was discovered in 1861 by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, in Heidelberg, Germany, in the mineral lepidolite through the use of a spectroscope. Because of the bright red lines in its emission spectrum, they chose a name derived from the Latin word rubidus, meaning "dark red".

  4. History/Discovery • Cesium-In 1860, Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered caesium in the mineral water from Dürkheim, Germany. Due to the bright blue lines in its emission spectrum, they chose a name derived from the Latin word caesius, meaning sky-blue.Caesium was the first element to be discovered spectroscopically, only one year after the invention of the spectroscope by Bunsen and Kirchhoff. • Francium-Eka-caesium was discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute in Paris, France when she purified a sample of actinium-227 which had been reported to have a decay energy of 220 keV. However, Perey noticed decay particles with an energy level below 80 keV. Perey thought this decay activity might have been caused by a previously unidentified decay product, one which was separated during purification, but emerged again out of the pure actinium-227. The new product exhibited chemical properties of an alkali metal which led Perey to believe that it was element 87.

  5. Everyday Uses • Lithium – lithium is used for air purification to get rid of carbon dioxide in the air. • Sodium - Most soaps are sodium salts of fatty acids. It also adds nutrients. • Potassium - Mostly found in bananas. Potassium in the human body helps nerve control, muscle movement, and blood pressure. • Rubidium - Rubidium compounds are sometimes used in fireworks to give them a purple color. Rubidium has also been considered for use in a thermoelectric generator. • Caesium - During magma crystallization, caesium is concentrated in the liquid phase and crystallizes last. • Francium – None yet because of how rare it is.

  6. Physical Properties • All the Group 1 elements are silvery-colored metals. They are soft, and can be easily cut with a knife to expose a shiny surface which dulls on oxidation. • These elements are highly reactive metals. The reactivity increases on descending the Group from lithium to cesium. There is a closer similarity between the elements of this Group than in any other Group of the periodic table. • They are soft, with low melting and boiling temperatures.

  7. COMMON REACTIONS • Lithium-http://www.google.com/url?url=http://www.indyarocks.com/videos/10--Lithium-Reactions-2003469&rct=j&sa=X&ei=3tzDTt3CJujZ0QHdmNiZDw&ved=0CGoQuAIwBw&q=lithiums+common+reactions&usg=AFQjCNGRKZy0fEJSdWJe0A0C91Dd71Rdsw

  8. COMMON REATCIONS • Caesium-http://www.google.com/url?url=http://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3D896vJj6eWYw&rct=j&sa=X&ei=Ed7DTtGcNrPC0AGryfjnDg&ved=0CF8QuAIwBg&q=Caesium+common+reactions&usg=AFQjCNEteNyjT1vbA4UNY0C1mL3WBv-Pbw

  9. COMMON REACTIONS • Francium

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