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Antar Abdellah. The Art of English E 301 B Chapter One Literature and creativity in English. Introduction . inherency. sociocultural. cognitive. 1.Creativity as inherent in the text .
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AntarAbdellah The Art of English E 301 BChapter OneLiterature and creativity in English
1.Creativity as inherent in the text • In his Poetics, Aristotle applied the ‘scientific’ method of analysis to literary works, identifying and systematically describing their distinctive features. • ‘stylistics’ was developed by academics working in Moscow, Leningrad and Prague in the early 20th century: the Russian Formalists and the Prague School Structuralists. • They viewed literary works as self-contained aesthetic objects. • The early Formalists focused on how poetic devices in literature produce an effect which they called ostraneniye (‘making strange’), or defamiliarisation • Formalists were concerned with the poetic function of language. They saw this as closely connected to ‘literariness’, which they defined as the special properties of language that could be located in literary texts. • Roman Jakobson [1960, p. 356] developed an influential typology of language functions:
A-Deviation Foregrounded spelling and graphology: • This text illustrates graphological deviation. Usually bold font is used to make whole words stand out from the surrounding text, but here, in order to draw attention to the constituent components of the neologism, bold is used to emphasize parts of the words: simplicity and technology. In this text we have the coinage of simpology which draws attention to the process of its own formation: as a combination, apparently, of simplicity and technology. • Deviation can occur at the level of phonology, graphology , [ the writing system including punctuation, layout, size and typeface], grammar or lexis and meaning. Graphological deviation is closely linked to phonological deviation. • Semantic deviation is associated with figurative language, particularly metaphor and simile.
Semantic deviation usually takes the form of the juxtaposition of words which do not normally occur together ; in this text the noun phrases known ,knowns , known, unknowns and unknown unknowns seem to be designed to draw attention to their paradoxical nature
examples • Simpology • The perfect balance between simplicity and technology • The UnknownAs we know, There are known knowsThere are things we know we know We also know There are known unknowns. That is to say We know there are some things We do not know. But there are also unknownunknowns, The ones we don’t know We don’t know.
