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Introduction to Classification

Discover the importance of taxonomy in classifying organisms, including scientific naming and evolutionary classification. Learn about the impact of Linnaean classification and delve into cladistics and phylogeny in organizing the plant kingdom. Explore the diverse domains and kingdoms that make up the intricate web of life on Earth.

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Introduction to Classification

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  1. Introduction to Classification 4-27-15

  2. Why Classify? • TAXONOMY: the science of classifying things • Examples of everyday taxonomy: • Grocery store • Library • Online video store

  3. Scientific Naming • Helps all scientists worldwide know what organism is being talked about • Early on: organisms described by physical characteristics • Two-winged, scaley legged, sharp beaked flyer • “Oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges

  4. Scientific Naming • BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: each species is assigned a two-part name based on their classification • GENUS + SPECIES = scientific name • Homo + sapien = human

  5. Scientific names help scientists to communicate. • Some species have very similar common names. • Some species have many common names.

  6. Classification of Roadrunner and Coyote—Looney Tunes

  7. Linneaus • Carolus Linneaus (1707-1778) • Created seven levels of classification levels • Has been able to adjust to new species being discovered “As one sits here in summertime and listens to the cuckoo and all the other bird songs, the crackling and buzzing of insects, as one gazes at the shining colors of flowers, doth one become dumbstruck before the Kingdom of the Creator.”

  8. Linnean Classification Most inclusive, least specific Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Least inclusive, most specific

  9. Classification of Humans Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order :Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapien SubPhylum Vertebrata

  10. Evolutionary Classification • Biologists now group organisms into categories that represent evolutionary descent, not just physical similarities • CLADOGRAM: a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships in the development of organisms • Derived Characters: “new” characteristics found in recent parts of a lineage.

  11. Cladistics is classification based on common ancestry. • Phylogeny is the evolutionary history for a group of species. • evidence from living species, fossil record, and molecular data • shown with branching tree diagrams

  12. Plant Kingdom Cladogram

  13. Domains • Category added above “Kingdom” • Domain Bacteria • Kingdom Eubacteria • Domain Archaea • Kingdom Archaebacteria • Domain Eukarya • all organisms with eukaryotic cells

  14. 6 Kingdoms of Life • Archaebacteria: unicellular prokaryotes • Eubacteria: unicellular prokaryotes • Protista: unicellular eukaryotes • Fungi: multicellular eukaryotic decomposers • Plantae: multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs • Animalia: multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs

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