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Persuasion/Argument

Persuasion/Argument. Key Importance. There HAS to be opposing sides. What is it?. Making and supporting a claim SUPPORTING. Why?. Express opinions and ideas for others to take seriously Gain knowledge, lead to consensus Not to state right or wrong but PLAUSIBLE

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Persuasion/Argument

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  1. Persuasion/Argument

  2. Key Importance There HAS to be opposing sides

  3. What is it? • Making and supporting a claim SUPPORTING

  4. Why? • Express opinions and ideas for others to take seriously • Gain knowledge, lead to consensus • Not to state right or wrong but PLAUSIBLE • Explore new topics. Open discussion

  5. Composing persuasion Hair • MORE THAN ONE SIDE TO A CLAIM • MUST BE DEBATABLE • Remember, just because a matter of fact can be contested, it cannot be debated You’re not arguing the facts, you’re arguing something significant about the facts.

  6. Purpose and Audience You appeal to the audience best when tailored to their needs and interests • What are your readers’ views? • Textbooks • Tobias “Fire Sale!”

  7. Generating Ideas • Ask WHY? • Why should we accept your claim? • What evidence can you use? • Most effective: • Facts, statistics, examples, personal examples, expert testimony George’s argument against Oscar

  8. Organizing/Drafting • Begin with claim and evidence • If you don’t know where you are going, then you can’t start • Claim • Directly at the beginning • NARROW • No more than you can prove

  9. Logical Reasoning: Induction • Moving from the specific to the general • Sherlock Holmes • Gas prices • Based on probability of a limited number of cases • Arguing likelihood, NOT certainty • Never 100% certain • Doctors

  10. Logical Reasoning: Deduction • General  Particular conclusion • Car stops running • Syllogisms Major premise (Sweeping Generalization) Minor premise (Example) Conclusion (Proof) All scary movies are lame Scream 3 is a scary movie Scream 3 is lame • Logical certainty

  11. Mistakes = repeating the trait in the minor premise Major: All Scary movies are lame Minor: My brother is lame Conclusion: My brother is a scary movie

  12. Remember: just because the argument is logically valid doesn’t mean that all the information is true • One of the premises can be false Major: All houses are yellow Minor: I live in a house Conclusion: My house is yellow • A reader is less likely to argue you if your argument is valid, but be ready to defend your premises

  13. Fallacies • Later….

  14. Appealing to your readers’ emotions • Even when your argument is logical and can’t be refuted, still need to tap into emotions • Diction • Be careful to avoid sensationalism and alarmism • Will undermine your argument • Michael Moore • Tabloids

  15. Establishing your own credibility • Be apart of the movement • Al Gore • Be objective • Discuss the other side fairly and accurately • Experience or special expertise • Tone • Moral, ethical

  16. Anticipating other arguments • Consider other viewpoints helps build credibility • Makes you more trustworthy • State fairly and accurately, and then refute it • Show poor reasoning or insufficient evidence

  17. Reading with a critical eye • Purpose and Audience • The Claim • Evidence • Logical reasoning • Emotional appeals • Credibility • Anticipating other arguments • Other methods

  18. Editing for common errors • Punctuation for subordinating conjunctions If Therefore Thus However Nevertheless Because Therefore, the minimum legal drinking age should not be lowered to age 18. Because guest workers will be legally registered, stronger immigration laws will be unnecessary. Many of the best surgeons have the highest rates of malpractice; thus, the three-strikes-and-you’re-out rule for taking away a doctor’s license may do more harm than good. A physician who removes the wrong leg, however, clearly deserves a much harsher penalty than one who forgets to remove a sponge.

  19. However • Acknowledge other side but want to minimize consequence What he did was wrong; however, he has been working hard to make things right. Nevertheless • Acknowledge different argument but increase consequence He has been trying to earn back his respect; nevertheless, he needs to do much more than be nice.

  20. Imply • To state indirectly • Infer • To draw a conclusion

  21. Your task… • Start brainstorming ideas for something to change at AAHS • Make a list of all the things you would like to change (either for better or for worse) • For each item, come up with as many reasons why that change should happen • Come up with evidence for each reason • Choose one and outline a draft

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