Wilson’s New Freedom: Progressive Reforms and the Limits of Progressivism

1. STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT • Describe Woodrow Wilson’s background and the progressive reforms of his presidency. • List the steps leading to woman suffrage. • Explain the limits of Wilson’s progressivism.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. Section 5 Wilson’s New Freedom Woodrow Wilson establishes a strong reform agenda as a progressive leader. NEXT

4. SECTION 5 Wilson’s New Freedom Wilson Wins Financial Reforms • Wilson’s Background • Wilson was lawyer, professor, president of Princeton, NJ governor • As president, focuses on trusts, tariffs, high finance Continued . . . NEXT

5. SECTION 5 Wilson’s New Freedom Wilson Wins Financial Reforms Two Key Antitrust Measures Federal Trade Commission (FTC)— new “watchdog” agency - investigates regulatory violations - ends unfair business practices Clayton Antitrust Actstops companies buying stock to form monopoly Ends injunctions against strikers unless threaten irreparable damage Continued . . . NEXT

6. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION FORMED The FTC was formed in 1914 to serve as a “watchdog” agency to endunfair business practices The FTC protects consumers from business fraud Today the FTC has been working on protecting consumers from ID theft

7. Chapter 9 Section 5 Wilson’s New Freedom • A – What was the impact of the two antitrust measures? • Wilson placed greater government regulations on businesses.

8. GUIDED READING

9. CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT In 1914 Congress enacted the Clayton Antitrust Act which strengthened the Sherman Act The Clayton Act prevented companies from acquiring stock from another company(Anti-monopoly) The Act also supported workers unions Chapter 9 Section 5 Wilson’s New Freedom

10. GUIDED READING

11. SECTION 5 continuedWilson Wins Financial Reforms • A New Tax System • Wilson pushes for Underwood Act to substantially reduce tariffs • Sets precedent of giving State of the Union message in person • His use of bully pulpit leads to passage NEXT

12. GUIDED READING

13. SECTION 5 continuedWilson Wins Financial Reforms • Federal Income Tax • Sixteenth Amendmentlegalizes graduated federal income tax NEXT

14. FEDERAL INCOME TAX ARRIVES Wilson worked hard to lower tariffs, however that lost revenue had to be made up Ratified in 1916, the 16th Amendment legalized a graduated federal income tax

15. GUIDED READING

16. SECTION 5 continuedWilson Wins Financial Reforms Federal Reserve System • Federal Reserve System— private banking system under federal control • Nation divided into 12 districts; central bank in each district NEXT

17. B – Why were tariff reform and Federal Reserve System important? • Wilson’s tariff reform, cut tariffs and reduced the power of monopolies. • The Federal Reserve System made the money supply responsive to the state of the economy.

18. GUIDED READING

19. SECTION 5 Women Win Suffrage Local Suffrage Battles • College-educated women spread suffrage message to working-class • Go door-to-door, take trolley tours, give speeches at stops - some adopt bold tactics of British suffragists NEXT

20. SECTION 5 Women Win Suffrage Catt and the National Movement • Carrie Chapman Catt, head of NAWSA, stresses organization, lobbying • National Woman’s Party aggressively pressures for suffrage amendment • Work of patriotic women in war effort influences politicians • 1920 Nineteenth Amendmentgrants women right to vote NEXT

21. WOMEN WIN SUFFRAGE Native-born, educated, middle-class women grew more and more impatient Through local, state and national organization, vigorous protests and World War I, women finally realized their dream in 1920 The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in 1920

22. C – Why do you think women won the right to vote in 1920, after earlier efforts had failed? • A combination of factors, • including women’s growing experience in the public realm, • their economic and social power, • and their importance in the war effort.

23. GUIDED READING

24. PLAY CLIP

25. GUIDED READING

26. SECTION 5 The Limits of Progressivism • Wilson and Civil Rights • As candidate, wins support of NAACP for favoring civil rights • As president, opposes antilynching legislation • Appoints fellow white Southerners to cabinet who extend segregation • NAACP feels betrayed; Wilson self-defense widens rift NEXT

27. LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM While the Progressive era was responsible for many important reforms, it failed to make gains for African Americans Like Roosevelt and Taft, Wilson retreated on Civil Rights once in office The KKK reached a membership of 4.5 million in the 1920s

28. GUIDED READING

29. D – What actions of Wilson disappointed civil rights advocates? • Wilson opposed anti-lynching legislation, • did not continue desegregation of the federal govt, • and appointed to his cabinet white southerners who supported segregation.

30. SECTION 5 The Limits of Progressivism • The Twilight of Progressivism • Outbreak of World War I distracts Americans; reform efforts stall NEXT