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This lesson explores Woodrow Wilson's progressive reforms as president, including financial reforms and woman suffrage. It also discusses the limits of Wilson's progressivism, particularly regarding civil rights.
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STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT • Describe Woodrow Wilson’s background and the progressive reforms of his presidency. • List the steps leading to woman suffrage. • Explain the limits of Wilson’s progressivism.
A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety
Section 5 Wilson’s New Freedom Woodrow Wilson establishes a strong reform agenda as a progressive leader. NEXT
SECTION 5 Wilson’s New Freedom Wilson Wins Financial Reforms • Wilson’s Background • Wilson was lawyer, professor, president of Princeton, NJ governor • As president, focuses on trusts, tariffs, high finance Continued . . . NEXT
SECTION 5 Wilson’s New Freedom Wilson Wins Financial Reforms Two Key Antitrust Measures Federal Trade Commission (FTC)— new “watchdog” agency - investigates regulatory violations - ends unfair business practices Clayton Antitrust Actstops companies buying stock to form monopoly Ends injunctions against strikers unless threaten irreparable damage Continued . . . NEXT
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION FORMED The FTC was formed in 1914 to serve as a “watchdog” agency to endunfair business practices The FTC protects consumers from business fraud Today the FTC has been working on protecting consumers from ID theft
Chapter 9 Section 5 Wilson’s New Freedom • A – What was the impact of the two antitrust measures? • Wilson placed greater government regulations on businesses.
CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT In 1914 Congress enacted the Clayton Antitrust Act which strengthened the Sherman Act The Clayton Act prevented companies from acquiring stock from another company(Anti-monopoly) The Act also supported workers unions Chapter 9 Section 5 Wilson’s New Freedom
SECTION 5 continuedWilson Wins Financial Reforms • A New Tax System • Wilson pushes for Underwood Act to substantially reduce tariffs • Sets precedent of giving State of the Union message in person • His use of bully pulpit leads to passage NEXT
SECTION 5 continuedWilson Wins Financial Reforms • Federal Income Tax • Sixteenth Amendmentlegalizes graduated federal income tax NEXT
FEDERAL INCOME TAX ARRIVES Wilson worked hard to lower tariffs, however that lost revenue had to be made up Ratified in 1916, the 16th Amendment legalized a graduated federal income tax
SECTION 5 continuedWilson Wins Financial Reforms Federal Reserve System • Federal Reserve System— private banking system under federal control • Nation divided into 12 districts; central bank in each district NEXT
B – Why were tariff reform and Federal Reserve System important? • Wilson’s tariff reform, cut tariffs and reduced the power of monopolies. • The Federal Reserve System made the money supply responsive to the state of the economy.
SECTION 5 Women Win Suffrage Local Suffrage Battles • College-educated women spread suffrage message to working-class • Go door-to-door, take trolley tours, give speeches at stops - some adopt bold tactics of British suffragists NEXT
SECTION 5 Women Win Suffrage Catt and the National Movement • Carrie Chapman Catt, head of NAWSA, stresses organization, lobbying • National Woman’s Party aggressively pressures for suffrage amendment • Work of patriotic women in war effort influences politicians • 1920 Nineteenth Amendmentgrants women right to vote NEXT
WOMEN WIN SUFFRAGE Native-born, educated, middle-class women grew more and more impatient Through local, state and national organization, vigorous protests and World War I, women finally realized their dream in 1920 The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in 1920
C – Why do you think women won the right to vote in 1920, after earlier efforts had failed? • A combination of factors, • including women’s growing experience in the public realm, • their economic and social power, • and their importance in the war effort.
SECTION 5 The Limits of Progressivism • Wilson and Civil Rights • As candidate, wins support of NAACP for favoring civil rights • As president, opposes antilynching legislation • Appoints fellow white Southerners to cabinet who extend segregation • NAACP feels betrayed; Wilson self-defense widens rift NEXT
LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM While the Progressive era was responsible for many important reforms, it failed to make gains for African Americans Like Roosevelt and Taft, Wilson retreated on Civil Rights once in office The KKK reached a membership of 4.5 million in the 1920s
D – What actions of Wilson disappointed civil rights advocates? • Wilson opposed anti-lynching legislation, • did not continue desegregation of the federal govt, • and appointed to his cabinet white southerners who supported segregation.
SECTION 5 The Limits of Progressivism • The Twilight of Progressivism • Outbreak of World War I distracts Americans; reform efforts stall NEXT