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Injury Causation PhD course jan- febr 2008 Leif Svanström

Injury Causation PhD course jan- febr 2008 Leif Svanström. Injury Causation ”A kind of” summary of previous teaching in the Course Research/Evaluation of Safety promotion & Injury Prevention Leif Svanström. Injury Causation Which are the causes to intervene on? Research/Evaluation of

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Injury Causation PhD course jan- febr 2008 Leif Svanström

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  1. Injury Causation PhD course jan- febr 2008 Leif Svanström

  2. Injury Causation ”A kind of” summary of previous teaching in the Course Research/Evaluation of Safety promotion & Injury Prevention Leif Svanström

  3. Injury Causation Which are the causes to intervene on? Research/Evaluation of Safety promotion & Injury Prevention Leif Svanström

  4. Relation between Homo sapiens, environmental and societal levels

  5. Disease, injury, material or psychological damage in relation to Homo Sapiens/environmental/societal systems

  6. Causes of Injuries – Factors related to injuries from A. Physical Environment B. Social Environment C. Habits of Life D.”Individual” Risk Factors

  7. A. Physical Environment (Areas)1. Transport 2. Housing 3. Production , Commercial , Service 4. Public (School, Public facilities, Institutions) 5. Sports 6. Entertainment , Culture and Park 7. Nature8. Sea, Lake & River

  8. Transport Area • Rules of thumb: • 10-15% of All InjuriesChildren: 60% of deceased, 15-19 years of age: 80% • - High Energy Content Involved

  9. O-VISION on traffic What did You learn?

  10. Prevention Demands Co-operation Between Societal Sectors – Intersectoral work Contribution from Voluntary Organizations – peoples participation - Decentralized Work (A Safe Community)

  11. Three Main Areas of Prevention Separate Un-protected Road Users Alcohol: 0 – tolerance Decrease Average Speed

  12. 2. Housing Area30-40% of all injuriesHome Accidents:Happens in all Types of Homes and Every Kind of Dwelling as Apartment, Villa, Outhouse, Garden & Yard. incl. Accidents on Farms, but un-related to Farming or Lumbering.Children % Elderly Dominate:- Children in Different Stages of Development- Fall Injuries- 75% of Injuries in the Elderly in Homes

  13. Production, Commercial, Service Areas10-20 % of All Injuries • Mortal Injuries • -Decrease of Mortal Injuries-Related to Transport Vehicles-Falls-Falling Objects-Machines

  14. The Most Dangerous Branches:- Foreign and Coastal Shipping- Slaughter- Iron and Steel- Stowing- Metal Recycling (Non-Iron) out of Scrap- Butchery- Ship-Yard- Concrete IndustryFarming & Lumbering, Construction Industry, Transport are Branches with High Mortality Risk.

  15. Environmental Exposure and Injuries- Organic Solvents- Noise- Lighting- Climate- Heavy Physical LoadTransport Injuries within the Work Sector must be Noticed!

  16. 4. Public Area (School, Public facilities, Institutions)About 10% of All Injuries- School is more Dangerous to Children than Work to Grown-ups - 7-9 Years: 1/3 of All Injuries;10-15 Years: ½ of All Injuries (Grown-ups: 1/3 are Work-related) - Physical Education is 3 Times More Risky than Other Lessons. Basketball, Handball and Gymnastics and In-Door Soccer are most Common.

  17. 5. Sports Area15-20% of All Injuries - increasing- Relatively Few Mortal Injuries In Sweden: - Folksam Insurance Company: 4% Leads to Invalidity- Per 1,000 Insured:- Ice-Hockey 40.4- Handball 18.8- Basketball 9.9- Bandy 7.8

  18. Entertainment, Culture and Park Areas • 2-4% of All InjuriesThe Area has been Investigated to a Very Limited Extent

  19. 7. Nature3-6% of All InjuriesMountain Accidents are Registered. Snow-Mobile Related Injuries has been Studied.

  20. 8. Sea, Lake & River1-3% of All Injuries- Has decreased the last 100 Years- Mostly Due to less Exposure- The Number of Accidents are Halved the Same Time as the Number of Boats has been Doubled- 6 out of 10 Deceased were Under Influence of Alcohol- ½ were doing Sports-Fishing - Bigger Boats show fewer Mortal Injuries

  21. B. Social EnvironmentExamples:- Different Schools- Pupils Mix- Ethnicity- School Bussing- Long School Hours- Alternative Pedagogic Programs - Psycho-Social Load - Urbanization- Unemployment -Work Organization, Stress, Monotony, Stimulation, Demand/ Control, Decision Making, Shift Work

  22. C. Habits of Life1. Tobacco2. Alcohol- All Injuries: 1/3 Males, 1/6 Females- High: Single Accidents in Traffic, Drownings, Falls, Snow-Mobiles- 1/5 of All Emergencies at Hospitals- More when Injury Diagnosis3. Diet4. Physical Activity- Regular Warming up- Experience

  23. D. "Individual"Risk Factors(1)1. Age and Gender- Children, esp. Boys are Over-Represented- Older Women are Over-Represented- Younger Men and Motor Vehicles- Women and Falls- All Road Users Accidents are Dominated by Males, Motor Bike and Moped Related Accidents Strikes Males to 90 %- Males over 40 Years of Age dominates Boat Accidents

  24. D. "Individual"Risk Factors(2)2. Genetics-Accident Proneness - Does it Exist?3. Bodily Constitution4. Previous Diseases or Injuries

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