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Scientific Opportunities

Roger Blandford KIPAC Stanford. Scientific Opportunities . Astro -H Science. 2014. HXI 5-80 keV , 2’, ~100’ 2 , 0.03 m 2 , ~10 m Crab , 10 m s SGD 40-600 keV , ~2keV, 0.02 m 2 , ~ mCrab , polarimetry SXI 0.4-12 keV , 2’, ~1000’ 2 , 0.04 m 2 , ~100nCrab, 4s SXS

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Scientific Opportunities

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  1. Roger Blandford KIPAC Stanford Scientific Opportunities Astro-H Stanford

  2. Astro-H Science 2014 • HXI • 5-80 keV, 2’, ~100’2, 0.03 m2, ~10 mCrab, 10ms • SGD • 40-600 keV, ~2keV, 0.02 m2, ~ mCrab, polarimetry • SXI • 0.4-12 keV, 2’, ~1000’2, 0.04 m2, ~100nCrab, 4s • SXS • 0.3-12 keV, 3’2, 0.02 m2, R~1000 Suzaku ++ NuSTAR Astro-H Stanford

  3. The Future of X-ray Telescopes • Reformulation of ESA program • ATHENA, daughter?? of XEUS??? • L class selection. February 2012, 3->2? • First launch 2020? • NASA program • NuSTAR, GEMS, Explorers? • AO for concept studies? • eROSITA, ASTROSAT Astro-H Stanford

  4. ATHENA • Reformulation of ESA L-class • Downselect in Feb 2012 3->2? • Launch >2020 Astro-H Stanford

  5. NuSTAR • 2012-14+, Pegasus • Compact object census • Galactic/extragalactic (XRB) • SNR/nucleosynthesis • AGN jets Astro-H Stanford

  6. ASTROSAT • 2012? -2017 • Multi-wavelength monitoring, HX(UV) survey, spectroscopy Astro-H Stanford

  7. eROSITA 2013 launch w SRG 0.5-10keV Data collaboration? Astro-H Stanford

  8. The Future of X-ray Astrophysics • X-ray astronomy has always been a technique–driven field • ->arcsecond, eV, ms resolution, nCrab sensitivity! • Most astronomical sources are observed • Pulsars, protostars, planets… • Most X-ray astrophysics is now multi-l • -and watch out for GW, VHE ns, cosmic rays… • Have to learn how to incorporate new observations with lost capability • Chandra! • Poorly understood processes in different sources. • Thermal conduction, viscosity, shocks… seek scalings • Simulations are increasingly important • Clusters, black holes supernovae.. Astro-H Stanford

  9. Science Opportunities • Intergalactic Gas • Galactic Gas • Relativistic Astrophysics • Particle Acceleration • Stars and Planets Astro-H Stanford

  10. Intergalactic Gas • Standard cosmological model • Kinematics LCDM, H0… • IGM density, temperature, entropy, composition • Simulation and measurement • Missing baryons • EoR from radio astronomy • Clusters of galaxies • Found and measured by SZ, lensing, optical…. • Bounded by strong shocks? • Subject to instabilities? • Dark matter and cosmic rays • Cosmological Probes • w, w’? mn… • M-L, M-T scaling, bias, mergers Astro-H Stanford

  11. Galactic Gas • Black Hole - Galaxy connection and co-evolution • Mergers, binary black holes • Evolution of M – s relation? • Gas flow into galactic nuclei • Feeding of disks • Bars, magnetic field, dynamical friction? • Outflows from disks • Obscured AGN – torus, warped disk or wind • Escape velocity? Momentum- or energy-driven • AGN jets • M’, S? collimation, particle acceleration Astro-H Stanford

  12. Relativistic Astrophysics • Massive black holes • Test/use Kerr metric • Fe lines, reverberation, location of continuum source • Stellar capture, tidal disruption • BH Evolution – Central Dogma -M, M’, S • Winds, BALQs, jets => dynamics of disk-hole interaction • 4D simulations • Stellar Black Holes • QPOs, Fe lines -> S (Quasars for the impatient) • ULX’s, GRBs? • Neutron Stars • M-R relation -> EOS, metric of rapidly spinning neutron stars • Magnetars • Astroseismology, QPOs Astro-H Stanford

  13. Particle Acceleration • Cosmic acceleration impressive! • Stars-Gev, AGN-TeV, PWN/SNR-PeV, UHECR-ZeV • What? • Hadrons (p-Fe?) vs leptons, (e--e+?) • Blazars are leptonic • Magnetic field amplification? • Especially at shocks • Where? • Shocks, line and sheet currents, contact discontinuities, turbulence… • SNRs, Jets, Clusters • PWN, Crab variation… Astro-H Stanford

  14. Stars and Planets • Normal stars and star clusters • Imaging and spectroscopy • Protostars • Four types of protostar detected in X-rays • Disk coronae • Exoplanets • 565 certified , 1235 candidates • Pushing down to earth masses • Habitability?? Astro-H Stanford

  15. Summary • There is a rapidly changing landscape in X-ray astronomy • Astro-H is (remarkably) still on track • Great science opportunities studying intergalactic and galactic gas, relativistic astrophysics, particle acceleration, stars and planets • Must be executed in total observational context • Current science program is exciting and robust but some adjustment of priorities may be called for Astro-H Stanford

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