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Designing for Durability: Roof Sheathing Attachment and Wall Connections

This resource provides detailed guidelines for designing durable roofs and walls, focusing on roof sheathing attachment, gable end connections, cladding attachment, and wall-to-wall continuity. The information is based on APA reports and includes strategies for resisting wind pressure and flying debris.

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Designing for Durability: Roof Sheathing Attachment and Wall Connections

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  1. DisasterResilience&Durability October8, 2014

  2. Washington,IL November2013

  3. Washington,IL November2013

  4. Washington,IL November2013

  5. Evansville,IN November6,2005

  6. Evansville,IN November6,2005

  7. Evansville,IN November6,2005

  8. Evansville,IN November6,2005

  9. Evansville,IN November6,2005

  10. Evansville,IN November6,2005

  11. Evansville,IN November6,2005

  12. Evansville,IN November6,2005

  13. Evansville,IN November6,2005

  14. DesigningforDurability RoofSheathingAttachment Gableendconnections Claddingattachment Rooftowallconnection Walltowallcontinuity Wallsheathingattachment WallsheathingcontinuityWallconnectiontosillplateSillplateanchorage Reference:APAReportM310

  15. FlyingDebris

  16. Gable-endFraming Tiegableendwallsbacktothestructure Gableendtrusstop chord Tension-tiestrap,attach with(8) 10dcommon nails, each endofstrap Roof Trusses (3) 10dCommon nails(typical) Gableend trussbottom chord 2x4flatwise blocking betweentruss bottom chords 2"x 4" continuouslateralbrace @6' on center.Lateral brace sizedto extendfrom end wallto over3interior trussesplus6".

  17. ResistingPressureon ComponentsandCladding Sheathgableendwallswithwood structuralpanels,suchasplywoodor orientedstrandboard(OSB) Gableendtrusstop chord Wood structuralpanel sheathing Gableendtrussverticalwebmember 8d Commonnails -4" on centerperimeterof panel 8d Commonnails-6" on centeralong intermediateframing 8d Commonnails-4" on centerperimeterof panelnailedtothetop of the doubletop plate Gableendtruss bottom chord

  18. WindPressureResistance (APAformTT-105) Table1.Maximumwindspeed(mph-3secondgust)permittedforwoodstructuralpanel sheathingusedaswallcoveringtomeetIRCTableR301.2(2)requirements1,2,3 Panelstrengthaxisparallelorperpendicularto supports. Three-plyplywoodsheathingwithstudsspacedmorethan16incheso.c.shallbeappliedwithpanelstrengthaxisperpendiculartosupports. TableisbasedonwindpressuresactingtowardandawayfrombuildingsurfacesperR301.2,lateralbracingrequirementsshallbeinaccordancewithR602.10.

  19. WallSheathing NailBaseForSiding Sidingattachmentatenergy efficientcorners Attachmentbaseforutility vents,sidingtrim,etc.

  20. WSPSheathingAsANailBase WithdrawalLoad(Pounds)1 SeeAPATT-109 for footnotesandcompletetable Reference:APATT-109

  21. WallSheathing NewTablein2015IRC

  22. WallBracingResources • www.iccsafe.org • Itemno.7102S12 • www.apawood.org • PublicationF430

  23. LoadPath 2. Transferto roof 3. Connections 1. Load on wall 4. Transfer to wall 5. Transfer to foundation

  24. LateralForces Wind Seismic Force= PressurexArea Force= Mass xAcceleration

  25. LateralForces EffectsofForces BaseShear Racking Overturning ResistedbyBracing ResistedbyAnchors Resistedbyhold-downs & Dead Load

  26. LateralForces Racking

  27. LateralForces BaseShear

  28. LateralForces Overturning February 2008 MaconCo.‘Super Tuesday’ Tornado

  29. LateralForces Anchors Hold-down

  30. Bracing:BWPLocation BWP,BWL&Spacing R202,R602.10.1,R602.10.2

  31. Bracing:RequiredLength BracingLengthTables 2012–Twobracinglengthtables TableR602.10.3(1)TableR602.10.3(3) • Wind • Seismic Required bracinglengthis themaximumof thetwotables’ bracing lengthx alladjustmentfactors R602.10.3,TablesR602.10.3(1),R602.10.3(2),R602.10.3(3)& R602.10.3(4)

  32. Bracing:RequiredLength Bracing RequirementsBasedon WindSpeed– AdjustmentFactors Windbracingadjustmentfactors are inTableR602.10.3(2) Windexposurecategory Eave-to-ridgeheight Wallheight Numberofbracedwalllines 800-lbhold-downontopstory Applicationofinteriorgypsumboardfinish Gypsumboardfastening TableR602.10.3(2)

  33. Bracing:PanelMaterial–Intermittent IntermittentBracingMethods: LIB DWB WSP BV-WSP • Let-indiagonalbrace • 3/4"Diagonalwoodboards • 3/8"Woodstructuralpanel • 7/16"Woodstructuralpanelwith • stoneormasonryveneer • 1/2"Structuralfiberboard • 1/2"Interiorgypsumwallboard • orgypsumsheathingparticleboard • 3/8"Particleboardsheathing SFB GB PBS PCP HPS • Portlandcementplasteronstuds • 7/16"Hardboardpanelsiding TableR602.10.4

  34. Bracing:PanelMaterial–Intermittent IntermittentBracingMethods: ABW PFH PFG • Alternatebracedwall • Portalframewithhold-downs • Portalframeatgaragedooropenings • inSDCA-C

  35. Bracing:PanelMaterial–Continuous Continuouslysheathedwoodstructuralpanel Continuouslysheathedwoodstructural panel adjacentto garage openings Continuouslysheathedportalframe Continuouslysheathedstructural fiberboard ContinuousSheathingBracingMethods: • CS-WSP • CS-G • CS-PF • CS-SFB TableR602.10.4

  36. Bracing:PanelMaterial–Continuous • MethodCS-WSP • Full-heightsheathedwallsegmentshavingalengthequal orgreaterthanTableR602.10.5arecountedtowardthetotal bracinglength. • Wallminimumlengthisbasedonwallheightandheightof theadjacentclearopening. Too Narrow TableR602.10.5

  37. Bracing:PanelMaterial–Continuous MethodCS-WSP TableR602.10.5MinimumLengthofBracedWallPanels(in) TableR602.10.5

  38. Bracing:PanelMaterial–Continuous • MethodCS-G • Woodstructuralpanel adjacenttogarageopening • Full-heightsheathedwallsegmentstoeither • sideofgarageopenings • Roofcoveringdeadloads of3psforless(seismic requirementonly) • Appliedtoonewallline ofgarageonly Garage Opening 12'Max • Panellength=bracinglength • 4:1aspectratio R602.310.4,TableR602.10.5 H/4

  39. Bracing:PanelMaterial–Continuous MethodCS-PF Continuousportalframe Wallsoneitherorbothsidesofopeningsingaragemay havewallsegmentwithamaximum6:1height-to-lengthratio. • No hold-downsrequired • OK on raised floor • Top of header at 10'max • Top of wallat 12'max •  Panellength= bracing length 10'max (12'maxwith ponywall) Garage Opening H/6 Fullysheatheddwelling R602.10.6.4

  40. Bracing:PanelMaterial–Continuous MethodCS-PF FigureR602.10.6.4

  41. Bracing:PanelMaterial–Continuous CS-G CS-PF 4

  42. Bracing:SufficientLength 2' 4' MethodCS-WSP WindDirection 37' 90mph SDCA ? NA CS-WSP BottomofTwoStories 40' 40' 18" 48" 27" 48" 9' TablesR602.10.3(1)&(2),R602.10.4,R602.10.5

  43. Bracing:SufficientLength MinimumTotalLengthofBracedWallPanels RequiredAlongEachBracedWallLine Braced WallLine Spacing(ft) BasicWind Speed (mph) Story Location Methods DWB,WSP, SFB,PBS, PCP,HPS MethodGB (double sided) Method LIB Continuous Sheathing 10 20 30 40 50 60 3.5 7 9.5 12.5 15.5 18.5 3.5 7 9.5 12.5 15.5 18.5 2 4 5.5 7.5 9 10.5 2 3.5 5 6 7.5 9 <90(mph) 10 20 30 7 13 18.5 7 13 18.5 4 7.5 10.5 3.5 6.5 9 40 24 24 14 12 50 60 29.5 35 29.5 35 17 20 14.5 17 TableR602.10.3(1)

  44. Bracing:SufficientLength MethodCS-WSP CaninterpolateforBWLspacingor forwallheight. 0.95x12′=11.4′ 2' 4' CS-WSP BottomofTwoStories 90mph SDCA 11.4' NA TotalBracingLength=11.75′vs. 11.4′Required BracingisOK 40' 48" 27" 48" 18" 9' TablesR602.10.3(1)&(2),R602.10.4,R602.10.5

  45. WallSheathing BracingCalculator

  46. 2’2” 1’8” 2’ 3’ 2’2’ 2’2’ 3’ 2’ WallHeight=9’ BWLSpacing =24’Roof-to-Eave= 14’ BWLLength= 54’-10”

  47. SimplyBracing

  48. 2012IRCWallBracing • Ateam ofexpertswasassembled… • andthisiswhatwegot! • 28pages of wallbracing provisions • 9 adjustmentfactors todeterminebracing lengths • Multiplewindspeed and seismictables • 8 old bracing methodsand7newones • Drywallon insideof allbracing mandated • Allbracingpanelsmust be blocked • More bracing isneeded • “Whenyouaddoptions,thingsgetcomplicated!”

  49. WallBracing Whatif… Therewasasimplerwaytobracehousedesigns?

  50. APASimplifiedWallBracingMethod • Whatisthismethodbasedon? • Thecomponentsthatcontroltheperformanceofbracingare panelthicknessandfasteners. • Sincethe3/8" code minimumpanel thickness is relativelyseldom used, theAPAmethod isbased on the morecommonly used 7/16" thickness. • Fastenersaren’tveryexpensive,so theAPAmethod increasesthefrequency ofthefasteningalongpanel edges. • Allexterior wallareassheathedwithWood StructuralPanels. • WhenAPAputthethreetogether,wediscoveredanotherlevel • ofperformanceinCS-WSP.

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