Energy planning for territories Resources, Energy mix, Energy efficiency

1. Energy planning for territoriesResources, Energy mix, Energy efficiency Gilles POYAC - AER Committee C Plenary Meeting, 20th April 2006, Valencia

2. Contents 1. Brief presentation of EIfER 2. Energy planning & territories 3. Strategies for local energy mix & energy efficiency 4. Assessment of regional renewable resources 5. Conclusion

3. Contents 1. Brief presentation of EIfER 2. Energy planning & territories 3. Strategies for local energy mix & energy efficiency 4. Assessment of regional renewable resources 5. Conclusion

4. EIfER: European Institute for Energy Research • Created in 2002 in Karlsruhe, Germany • EGEI / two mother companies : • Electricité de France • Universität Karlsruhe Mission : to develop clean energy technologies and tools for the sustainable development of cities and territories

5. Current staff • 50 researchers • About 10 PhD and trainees • Mainly French and German (up to 9 nationalities) • Multi-disciplinary competences • distributed energy engineering (fuel cells, microturbines, etc.) • renewable energy technologies • urbanism & architecture • energy planning • economics • sociology • …

6. Structure : 3 disciplinary groups Innovative Processes Distributed Resources Models for Environment • Produce technological innovations for the development of environmentally friendly energy production means • Fuel cells • Stirling engines • Microturbines • CHP technology • TRIZ Method • Identify the role Distributed Energy could play in supplying energy • Development and implementation of Distributed Energy systems • Techno-economical analyses • Laboratory tests • Demonstration sites • Assist cities and territories in implementing sustainable concepts • Energy efficiency studies • Deployment of renewable energies • Analysis and simulation of energy flows • Geographical analyses (GIS)

7. Contents 1. Brief presentation of EIfER 2. Energy planning & territories 3. Strategies for local energy mix & energy efficiency 4. Assessment of regional renewable resources 5. Conclusion

8. 1 2 3 Energy planning for territories: scales • 3 levels District Building Region Production means City

9. Opportunity study Detailed techno-economical analysis Decision chain: simplified scheme • Regional level • influence on local level (+ some control over project level) • Local level • influence on / control over project level • Project level • effective deployment of renewable energy technologies • effective implementation of energy efficiency measures Feasibility study

10. Contents 1. Brief presentation of EIfER 2. Energy planning & territories 3. Strategies for local energy mix & energy efficiency 4. Assessment of regional renewable resources 5. Conclusion

11. Case studies • Narbonne • Languedoc-Roussillon (F) • Erstein • Alsace (F) • Cities (adaptable at the regional level)

12. Erstein 2003 Alsace 1999 France 1999 Energy & CO2 balance Energy system: modeling energy flows, emissions and costs (all sectors, all energy vectors) Recommendations, action plan (energy efficiency, CO2 mitigation)

13. Émissions 2003 Case study: energy efficiency Narbonne: Transports = 52% of total emissions Mainly motorways and main/secondary roads Energy efficiency plan directly linked with the regional level (traffic & emissions models) [ Same with industry ]

14. Local energy mix Erstein: Energy mix for public buildings Option: wood-fired boiler room Feasibility depending on resource parameters cities can not easily identify > importance of regional resources studies Contribution of the wood-fired boiler (C02 emissions)

15. Contents 1. Brief presentation of EIfER 2. Energy planning & territories 3. Strategies for local energy mix & energy efficiency 4. Assessment of regional renewable resources 5. Conclusion

16. Case studies • Biomass (wood) • Northern Black Forest (D) • Biogas • Baden-Württemberg (D) • Geothermal power production • Alsace (F) • Upper Rhine region

17. Biomass: GIS-based energy wood resource assessment in the northern Black Forest region (I) • Study area and partners • The Forest State Administration (Landesforstverwaltung B.W.) • The regional planning authority (Regionalverband NSW) • University of Karlsruhe (EIfER, IPF) • EDF • Black Forest • 57% forest (mainly public) Source: http://www.nordschwarzwald-region.de/

18. Diameter of the tree (BHD) Production costs rise exponentially with smaller tree diameters Slope Applicability of highly automated machines is limited to max. 30% slope Tree species Wood energetic value depends on the tree species Biomass: GIS-based energy wood resource assessment in the northern Black Forest region (II) • Wood chip production chain and related cost factors Transport distances

19. Biomass: GIS-based energy wood resource assessment in the northern Black Forest region (III) • Methodology • Model the theoretical potential • Model costs for wood chip production for each forest stand • Model transport costs • Layers: • roadnetwork's nodes • forest plots • - digital terrain model

20. Biomass: GIS-based energy wood resource assessment in the northern Black Forest region (IV) • Some results Supply curves for scenarios with respect to several parameters Wood energy potential can be modeled as steady function of wood chip market price  supply curves Wood chip processing costs for each forest stand Show all forest stands that offer more than x tons dry mass/ha and where mobilization costs is less than y €/m³

21. Applied road distances around the locations – restricted to the study region Total accumulated methane potential differentiated into distances Biogas: Optimized sitting of co-fermentation plants in Baden Württemberg • EDF R&D / SPE • Uni KA: DFIU, IPF • BIG: Biomass Interest Group

22. D F Geothermics: potential assessment of deep aquifers for power production in Alsace (I) • Study area and partners Potential for geothermal power production depends on : - depth of the aquifer - temperature of the aquifer - thickness of the aquifer • EIfER • BRGM Alsace • ADEME • ÉS

23. Geothermics: potential assessment of deep aquifers for power production in Alsace (II) • Power production potential for 3 main aquifers 3437 TWh which is more than 250 times the annual electricity consumption in the region. Grande Oolithe Muschelkalk Buntsandstein • In practice, the accessible resource that can be extracted is only a part of the total resource. • The ratio depends on the availability of fluids in the aquifers (expressed by the transmissivity of the aquifer) and the time during which the extraction can be economically carried out.

24. Geothermics: potential assessment of deep aquifers for power production in Alsace (III) Optimal locations criteria Depth Potential Land cover Resources Faults Industrial / urban areas Water streams

25. Strasbourg Mulhouse Geothermics: potential assessment of deep aquifers for power production in Alsace (IV) Optimal locations results

26. Contents 1. Brief presentation of EIfER 2. Energy planning & territories 3. Strategies for local energy mix & energy efficiency 4. Assessment of regional renewable resources 5. Conclusion

27. Decision making Strategic level Analysis of data Data collection and management Real world Conclusion (I) • A regional opportunity study (e.g. renewable energy resources) can provide realistic potentials and localization recommendations directly usable for local feasibility studies. • Every local detailed study can enrich the regional database. multi-criteria geographical analysis = link between regional and local levels

28. Conclusion (II) • Energy planning at the regional level: • assessment of the potentials (RES, energy efficiency, …) using multi-criteria geographical analyses • modeling of energy flows and impacts of scenarios (derived from potentials) • Benefits: • facilitation of the implementation at the local level (feasibility information, best practices) • improved orientation (modeling, prospective) • possible definition of precise regional targets (monitoring)

29. Thank you.