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LITTLE AMERICA

Presentation Map. Content and structural body of the thesisLiteratureMethodologyPractical Matters. Political-Economical Situation in Turkey and Europe. Need to keep together the non-communist block after WWIINeed for market to sell American exports. EUROPE. Political-Economical Situation in Tur

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LITTLE AMERICA

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    1. LITTLE AMERICA ESST-UM Baris Atalay BTD Team -18 April 2002

    2. Presentation Map Content and structural body of the thesis Literature Methodology Practical Matters

    3. Political-Economical Situation in Turkey and Europe Need to keep together the non-communist block after WWII Need for market to sell American exports

    4. Political-Economical Situation in Turkey and Europe High pressure of the single-party regime on the society: political restrictions State and society suffering economic troubles after WWII

    5. Political-Economical Situation in Turkey and Europe Republican Party overthrown by Democrat Party in 1950 (first free elections) Main concerns of the party program were the encouragement of the private entrepreneurship and elimination of the radical left

    6. General Economic Development Strategy of the Turkish Governments Before the Aid The aim of the founders of the republic was to achieve an industrialized economy Since there was no private capital, state had to handle all kinds of economical activity Turkish type of statism was not very efficient because of the lack of expertise in any field

    7. Turkey’s industrialization attempts in her early times (when state banks have been able to finance their own investments) produced in short term a small class of entrepreneurs This slow movement has been politically embodied in the identity of Democrat Party which’s program was supporting the objectives of Marshall Aid

    9. Donor & Recipient Relations and Objectives of Marshall Aid Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) has been founded to oversee the use of funds For every dollar of aid received, the recipient country was required to place a matching amount This fund could only be used for purposes approved by US government

    10. Donor & Recipient Relations and Objectives of Marshall Aid ECA used control over this money to influence a wide variety of policy choices made by national governments Especially to start deep structural change in the market to free trade and to lower tariffs

    11. Turkish Government Program in 1950 Elimination of statism (In order to get Marshall aid and other potential aid funds in following years / Conditionality of Marshall Aid) Encouragement of private entrepreneurship Elimination of the radical left

    12. We Turks are the admirers of you Americans and your worldview. On the day when I stepped into New York, journalists asked me what I most wanted to see in America. I replied them “First Americans”…If a journalist now asks me “What has most impressed you in America”, my answer would be “the Americans”. Celal BAYAR /1954 President (1950-1960)

    13. Received Funds/Equipments Nearly 150 million USD Agricultural Equipments/Tractors Second Hand American Cars Military Equipments

    14. Economic Strategy After the Aid Focus is on agriculture, there is an sudden increase on agricultural production following Marshall Aid The economic system is based on importation and consumption instead of production (except agriculture)

    15. Transportation Preferences Following Marshall Aid Only 458 km new railroad have been added to the network between 1950-1962 Average railroad which has been constructed between 1950-1980 is 30 km per year Highway network has been enlarged 80 per cent between 1950-1987 when railroad network only 11 per cent in the same interval

    18. Technological Preferences Railroad vs. Highway Cost-effectiveness analysis of these two alternatives Priorities in technology choices: prior social segments Railroad vs. Highway Statism vs. Privatization

    19. Literature Technology, Globalization and Economic Performance, Daniele Archibugi and Jonathan Mitchie The National Systems of Innovation, Christopher Freeman National Innovation Systems, Richard R. Nelson

    20. Literature Dependency Theory: gap between center countries and LDCs, transfer of old technologies in long run, ineffective use and lack of adoption. Appropriate Technology Theory: Inappropriateness of transferred technologies to local context

    21. Methodology Literature Search (government program, dailies of 40s, 50s, official statistics, and academic resources) Comparative Analysis Statistical Analysis

    22. Practical Matters Contacts in Turkish Studies Departments in the world

    23. THE END

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