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Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions. Chapter 14. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Conjugate Acids and Bases Amphoteric Compounds Neutralization Reactions Acid Rain. Section 3 Acid-Base Reactions. Chapter 14. Lesson Starter. What is the meaning of the word neutralization .

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  1. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Conjugate Acids and Bases Amphoteric Compounds Neutralization Reactions Acid Rain

  2. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Lesson Starter What is the meaning of the word neutralization. How is the word used in everyday life? How is it likely to apply to acids and bases?

  3. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Objectives Describe a conjugate acid, a conjugate base, and an amphoteric compound. Explain the process of neutralization. Defineacid rain, give examples of compounds that can cause acid rain, and describe effects of acid rain.

  4. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Conjugate Acids and Bases The species that remains after a Brønsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton is the conjugate base of that acid. acid conjugate base

  5. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Conjugate Acids and Bases, continued Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reactions involve two acid-base pairs, known a conjugate acid-base pairs. acid1base2 base1acid2

  6. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Neutralization Reactions

  7. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Conjugate Acids and Bases, continued Strength of Conjugate Acids and Bases • The stronger an acid is, the weaker its conjugate base • The stronger a base is, the weaker its conjugate acid strong acid base acid weak base

  8. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Conjugate Acids and Bases, continued Strength of Conjugate Acids and Bases, continued Proton transfer reactions favor the production of the weaker acid and the weaker base. stronger acid stronger base weaker acid weaker base • The reaction to the right is more favorable weaker acid weaker base stronger acid stronger base • The reaction to the left is more favorable

  9. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases

  10. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Amphoteric Compounds • Any species that can react as either an acid or a base is described asamphoteric. • example:water • water can act as a base acid1 base2 acid2 base1 • water can act as an acid base1 acid2 acid1 base2

  11. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Amphoteric Compounds, continued –OH in a Molecule The covalently bonded IOH group in an acid is referred to as ahydroxyl group. Molecular compounds containing —OH groups can be acidic or amphoteric. The behavior of a compound is affected by the number of oxygen atoms bonded to the atom connected to the —OH group.

  12. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Oxyacids of Chlorine

  13. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Neutralization Reactions Strong Acid-Strong Base Neutralization In aqueous solutions,neutralizationis the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules. Asalt is an ionic compound composed of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid.

  14. Section3 Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Acid Rain NO, NO2, CO2, SO2, and SO3 gases from industrial processes can dissolve in atmospheric water to produce acidic solutions. example: Very acidic rain is known asacid rain. Acid rain can erode statues and affect ecosystems.

  15. Visual Concepts Chapter 14 Acid Precipitation

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