Day 112 : Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt

1. Day 112: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Baltimore Polytechnic Institute February 27, 2012 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

2. Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Objectives: Students will: Explain why the United States suddenly abandoned its isolationism and turned outward at the end of the nineteenth century. Describe the forces pushing for American overseas expansion and the causes of the Spanish-American War. Describe and explain the unintended results of the Spanish-American War, especially the conquest of Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Explain McKinley’s decision to keep the Philippines, and list the opposing arguments in the debate about imperialism. AP Focus Thinking Globally (The American Pageant, 14th ed., pp. 694–695) looks at how the United States came late to empire-building, which European powers had used to colonize large parts of the world in the nineteenth century. Social Darwinism is one key justification for U.S. territorial expansion. Having expanded to the Pacific Ocean by the late nineteenth century, the United States will go on to establish a global empire. The first step is to defeat Spain and take over its crumbling empire. This is accomplished in the Spanish-American War, when the United States ostensibly comes to the aid of Cubans who are seeking to break the chains of Spanish imperialism. Having defeated the Spaniards and wrested from them their empire in the Caribbean and the Pacific, the United States faces an insurgency by people who earlier were its allies, notably the Cubans and Filipinos, who bridle at what they see as a new hegemonic power.

3. Chapter Focus Chapter Themes In the 1890s, a number of economic and political forces sparked a spectacular burst of imperialistic expansionism for the United States that culminated in the Spanish-American War—a war that began over freeing Cuba and ended with the highly controversial acquisition of the Philippines and other territories. In the wake of the Spanish-American War, President Theodore Roosevelt pursued a bold and sometimes controversial new policy of asserting America’s influence abroad, particularly in East Asia and Latin America.

4. Announcements Test Friday, March 2, 2012 Chapters 27-29

5. Spurning the Hawaiian Pear Hawaii served as a way station/provisioning point for U.S. shippers/sailors/whalers 1840’s-State department warns others 1887-Pearl Harbor Disease killed many Hawaiians Sugar lords imported Asians to work the land Worries that Japan might intervene 1890 McKinley tariff killed sugar U.S. planters wanted annexation 1893-planters led revolt with unauthorized use of U.S. military by the minister in Honolulu Cleveland did not push annexation Hawaii’s importance seen and annexed on July 7, 1898

6. Chapter 28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Progressive Roots Greenback Labor party of 1870’s Populists of 1890’s Writers began to attack trusts Wealth Against Commonwealth (1894)-Henry Demarest Lloyd The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899)-Thorstein Veblen How the Other Half Live-Jacob A. Riis, New York Sun reporter Social Gospel-progressivism based on Christian teachings

7. Raking Muck with the Muckrakers Muckrakers-coined in 1906 by T.R. reformer-writers Lincoln Steffens-”The Shame of the Cities”-published in McClures’sin 1902 showed alliance between big business and municipal government Ida Tarbell-factual expose of Standard Oil Social evils traffic in women slums industrial accidents African-American’s plight child labor Cleanse capitalism, not overthrow it

8. Political Progressivism Initiative voters propose legislation themselves Referendum place laws on the ballot for final approval Recall remove faithless elected officials Australian ballot secret ballot Direct election of U.S. senators some states started primary to guide the legislature in choosing senators Woman suffrage

9. Progressive Women Jane Addams Florence Kelley Muller v. Oregon laws to protect women workers who were shown to be weaker Lochner v. New York struck down a law limiting bakers to 10 hour days WCTU-Frances E. Willard Anti-Salon League Carey Nation

10. TR’s Square Deal for Labor Square deal for: 1. capital 2. Labor 3. Public at large The 3 C’s: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources Coal Strike of 1902- Miners wanted 20% raise & reduction in hours from 10 to 9 Outcome: After Roosevelt threatened federal takeover and troops, owners agreed to: 1. 10% raise 2. reduced hours 3. did not recognize union as a bargaining unit Indirectly-Department of Commerce and Labor

11. TR Corrals the Corporations Elkins Act of 1903-ended rebates Hepburn Act of 1906-free passes restricted Identified good and bad trusts Northern Securities in 1902 holding company by Morgan/James Hill Supreme Court ruled the Company to be dissolved others: beef, sugar, fertilizer, harvesters Believed in regulating, not fragmenting

12. Caring for the Consumer Europe threatened to throw out all American beef The Jungle highlighted the appalling conditions of food, even though book was to show plight of workers Meat Inspection Act of 1906-meat shipped across states would be inspected Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

13. Homework Begin Reading 1st ½ of Chapter 28 page 702-714 Prepare for 5 question quiz on Tuesday Focus questions for chapter 28 due Wednesday