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Energy Efficiency in Housing and Small Buildings

Energy Efficiency in Housing and Small Buildings. Progress Report - CCBFC April 10 th 2011. Outline . The Project Policy Advice Current Construction Practice – Baseline Proposed Requirements Scope and Application of Requirements Small Buildings Building Envelope HVAC

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Energy Efficiency in Housing and Small Buildings

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  1. Energy Efficiency in Housing and Small Buildings Progress Report - CCBFC April 10th 2011

  2. Outline • The Project • Policy Advice • Current Construction Practice – Baseline • Proposed Requirements • Scope and Application of Requirements • Small Buildings • Building Envelope • HVAC • Service Water Heating • Performance Path • Working Target Validation

  3. Code Committees • CCBFC • Standing Committee on Housing and Small Buildings • Standing Committee on Energy Efficiency in Buildings • Joint Task Group in Housing and Small Buildings • Performance Compliance • Small Buildings • Building Envelope (Housing) • HVAC & Service Water Heating (Housing) • Code Coordination

  4. Partnership between CCBFC and NRCan • NRCan and CCBFC collaborate at all levels • NRCan staff is presented on all sTG and JTG and CCBFC • CCC staff is represented on ERS, R2000 and EnergyStar committees • CCC and NRCan Staff have regular meetings on Energy Efficiency projects • Relationship between Code and ERS • The ERS (and HOT2000) are important tools for code compliance • sTGs develop language to permit HOT2000 for code compliance • Reference specific tools or ratings might be administrative requirements

  5. Project Schedule • October-December 2010 Develop Requirements • January (3rd week) 2011 JTG Meeting (final prescriptive req’s) • January-March 2011 sTGs finalize PCFs andvalidate prescriptive requirements • April 2011 Meeting of the JTG-EEHSB • May 2011 Meeting of SCs (HSB & EEB) • May 31 2001 first approved PCFs to editing & translation • July 31 2011 last approved PCFs to editing & translation • Oct – Dec 2011 Public Review • January 2012 sTGs review all comments on PCFs • January 2012 JTG-EEHSB reviews comments sTG revisions. • February 2012 SC review of final PCFs • April 2012 CCBFC approves changes • Summer 2012 Complete Editing & Translation. • Dec 2012Publication

  6. Project Size • Between 15 and 70 proposed changed • 5 Division A & Division C (similar or identical to NECB) • 2 large PCFs transferring revised MNECH97 Appendices B and C to the NBC (75% existing wording) • Between 10 and 30 PCFs for new Part 9 wording • Between 80 and 100 pages of appendix and code • 45 to 60 pages of Appendix Notes • 25 to 40 pages in the body of Part 9

  7. Outline • The Project • Policy Advice • Current Construction Practice – Baseline • Proposed Requirements • Scope and Application of Requirements • Small Buildings • Building Envelope • HVAC • Service Water Heating • Performance Path • Working Target Validation

  8. CCBFC/PTPACC Scope • Joint CCBFC/PTPACC Scoping Task Group • Locate requirements in Part 9 (not in MNECH) • Provide prescriptive and performance path • Address at a minimum: Building Envelope and HVAC • Avoid barriers to use of alternative energy sources (“renewables”) • Ensure energy efficiency for housing is forward looking • Provide prescriptive options for small buildings • Develop flexible framework for provinces • Use Current Construction as baseline (study) • Publish interim changes by 2012

  9. CCBFC Policy Advice • CCBFC • Policy Advice approved by ballot – August 2010 • energy performance levels (working target of ERS 80) • objective-based analysis (objective-based provisions) • compliance path (prescriptive/performance) • energy sources (address energy used by the bldg) (no diff. req’s based on fuel source) • assembly constructions (no exceptions for assemblies) • costs and benefits (cost of constr. & energy saved) • fenestration to wall ratio (set max F/W ratio) • heat recovery (consider heat recovery ventilation) • occupancies (residential & non-residential)

  10. Assembly Construction • CCBFC policy • All assemblies / types of construction are treated equal • MNECH • Had exemption for log homes and manufactured housing • Required to use simple trade-off path • Log homes • Use simple trade off or performance path • Energy Performance of log homes needs to be verified • Factory-constructed buildings? • Height restrictions for transport may limit the amount of attic and floor insulation

  11. Renewable Energy • CCBFC policy • “use NECB approach” • NECB approach &JTG Recommendation for EEHSB • Provide acceptable solutions where applicable • No barriers – no explicit permission or exemption • Renewable energy can be modeled in performance path (AHJ) • Address in flexible framework • Long Term Plan for EEHSB • Develop quantitative energy target • Possibly address primary energy • Plan: Provide credits for renewable on-site energy

  12. Outline • The Project • Policy Advice • Current Construction Practice – Baseline • Proposed Requirements • Scope and Application of Requirements • Small Buildings • Building Envelope • HVAC • Service Water Heating • Performance Path • Working Target Validation

  13. Current Construction Practice • Baseline = Current Construction • Development of Baseline • Study by Marshall Leslie • Also considered CHBA Pulse Survey and Industry Sales figures • Results from Survey • ~300 responses based on 2009 calendar year • Some data issues: • Not representative of population / housing starts • 48% of builders are EE program enrolled (12 -15% more realistic) • Data was not organized by climate zones

  14. Current Construction Practice • Analyzed Survey Data • now sortable by climate zones • weighted for population and housing starts • normalized for more realistic split of EE/non-EE program builder • Data will be used as Baseline for • incremental construction cost • energy savings benefit • Single baseline across Canada • unless special situation requires multiple baselines • choose average/mode or realistic value

  15. Current Construction Practice • Distribution of Responses by Location • Unweighted • Weighted

  16. Current Construction Practice • Distribution Of Label/Non-Label Builders By Location • Unweighted • Weighted & Normalized

  17. Current Construction Practice • Above-Grade Wall Insulation • all builders • weighted by population • by climate zone

  18. Current Construction Practice • Exterior Wall Insulation R20 Nominal • Wall framing 2x6 framing, 16” on center • Attic Insulation R40 Nominal • Airtightness 3.18 ac/h (average, nationally weighted) • Basement Walls Inside at full height with R12 • Floor Slabs Not insulated • Window glazing option EnergyStar (2005 criteria) • Window Frame Vinyl • Gas furnace efficiency 90% efficiency furnaces • HRVs no HRV, no A/C, no heat pump • Thermostats programmable

  19. Outline • The Project • Policy Advice • Current Construction Practice – Baseline • Proposed Requirements • Scope and Application of Requirements • Small Buildings • Building Envelope • HVAC • Service Water Heating • Performance Path • Working Target Validation

  20. Compliance Paths • Types of Compliance Paths • Prescriptive • separate energy efficiency requirements for each building part and for each part of the equipment • Individual components must achieve compliance with their specific targets • Performance • Based on a building’s overall consumption of energy • Simple Trade Off • Values are set for each part of the building • Higher values on one part can be traded-off against lower values on specified other parts

  21. Scope and Application

  22. Building Envelope • Prescriptive Requirements • Opaque Assemblies • Code: minimum effective RSI • Appendix: nominal R/RSI-values • Windows Doors & Skylights • max. U-values (2010 Energy Star) • min. ER values (not for skylights) • Minimum Airtightness • 10 prescriptive construction details or Testing (ULC S742, assembly) • Modeling assumption = 2.5 AC/H @ 50Pa • No blower door testing • 2 Compliance Options • Insulation levels based on mechanical ventilation (no HRV) • Insulation levels based on HRV

  23. Building Envelope • Above-grade Opaque Assemblies (no HRV) • Values on this slide are • nominal/imperial • for illustration purposes only

  24. Building Envelope • Above-grade Opaque Assemblies (no HRV) • Code will show effective RSI Values • Values are currently being modelled

  25. Building Envelope • Windows, Doors and Skylights • Energy Star criteria 2010 • No defined term for “fenestration” • Exemptions • Storm doors exempt • 1 front door and attic/crawl space hatches U = 2.6 W/m²K • Garage door RSI = 1.1 m²K/W

  26. Building Envelope • Fenestration-to-Wall Ratio • NECB FWDR Approach depends on climate • from 40% (mild climate) to 20% (cold climate) • U-values are less stringent than what is proposed for Part 9 • Energy Impact of Fenestration • Heat loss per area is greatest • Solar Gains can be substantial

  27. Building Envelope • Fenestration-to-Wall Ratio • Analysis and Suggested Approach • 1 ratio (18%) for houses and duplex/semis + secondary suites • measured on the exterior • 2 Corresponding U-values • 1 ratio (22%) for bldgs with 2 or more dwelling units • measured on the interior of each dwelling unit • to a maximum of 40% exterior in all climates, and • 50% permitted with more stringent U value • JTG Approach: • No ratio (less administrative burden) • Current market forces already create values below 25% • make U-values more stringent (2010 Energy Star)

  28. Building Envelope • Fenestration-to-Wall Ratio • Typical Construction: • Average =18% • 90% of housing below 25% • Validation Archetypes: • From 8% to 21% (AVG= 15.3%) • Adjusted Validation Archetypes to reach an average of 17% • From 12% to 25%

  29. Building Envelope • Fenestration-to-Wall Ratio • No need to regulate prescriptive path • typical construction already follows a narrow range • Need to regulate performance path • ensure realistic assumptions for reference house • treat fenestration-to-wall ratio like • orientation of windows, doors and skylights, • number of storeys (i.e percentage to wall/roof) and • operational building features • Non-residential Part 9 Buildings may need a maximum ratio • ensure applicability of prescriptive requirements • set to “housing like” values

  30. Building Envelope • Airtightness • Prescriptive construction details • Different approaches (poly, ADA, exterior sheathing) • Typical penetration and junctions • Testing • ULC S742 Air Barrier Assemblies • No blower door test • Modeling Assumption • Validation 2.5 ACH • Performance Reference house 2.5 ACH • Performance Proposed house 3.2 ACH

  31. Building Envelope • Simple Trade Off • Intended for some limited flexibility • Formula • Limitations • Not below 75% of the R-value for walls and attic roofs • Not below 60% of the R-values of every other opaque assembly • Possibly fenestration to wall ratio

  32. HVAC • HVAC • HRVs • Not required for dwelling units • Where installed, min. thermal effectiveness required • Required for ventilation of interior pools • Require dampers, thermostats, insulated ducts (outside), • minimum equipment efficiencies • Gas Furnaces: 92% (AFUE) • Oil Furnaces: 85% (AFUE) • Standards and performance for other technology will be referenced: • heat pumps, • integrated systems • Combo systems (water and heating)

  33. Service Water Heating • Service Water Heating • minimum equipment efficiencies • electric, gas, oil • tankless/storage tank type • solar water heaters included • pool heaters included • combo systems (water and heating) • storage tanks and re-circulating pipes need to be insulated • heat traps are required on top of water tanks • pipe insulation (outside/unconditioned space)

  34. Performance Path • Prescriptive • Building envelope • HVAC & SWH • No trade-off across BE and HVAC

  35. Performance Path • Performance Path • reference house built to prescriptive path (+ assumptions) =X

  36. Performance Path • Performance Path • reference house built to prescriptive path (+ assumptions) • proposed houses will be modeled against reference result =X

  37. Performance Path • Performance Path • reference house built as proposed house using prescriptive path values (+ assumptions) • proposed houses will be modeled against reference result • If proposed house uses equal or less energy = OK =X ≤X

  38. Performance Path • Performance Path • HOT2000 thoroughly considered and probably default method, but need to allow for other calculation methods • Performance path has be enforceable • Input assumptions for calculation tools • State what needs to be reported • Possibly check list for enforcement =X ≤X

  39. Working Target ERS 80 • Validation Protocol • use NRCan EnergyStar BOP approach • model 11 house archetypes for each climate, • average houses per climate zone • average climate zones across Canada • Modeling assumptions will reflect • minimum code requirements or • range of values in typical construction • equivalent to ERS 80 on average • Committees consider: • constructability • provincial requirements • cost

  40. Working Target ERS 80 • Validation Assumptions • Ventilation • with/ without HRV • code minimum ventilation rates, • 8 hours daily (whole year) • Fuel • used in each modeling location, and • total representative of Canadian fuel mix • Operating conditions • 2 adults, 2 children, 50% at the time • 21°C in the main space, 19°C in the basement • 225 l/day hot water use at 55°C • 24 kW plug loads

  41. Working Target ERS 80 • 11 House Archetypes • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5/6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10/11

  42. Relationship between Code and Energuide Rating System (ERS) • The ERS and its software (HOT2000) is one tool that • allows demonstrating compliance with the performance path • addresses building envelope, HVAC and SWH • also addresses other issues (fuel source incl. renewables, plug loads) • NRCan and NRC collaborate to make sure HOT2000 can be used for code compliance • NBC cannot reference a specific software/calculation tool • Referencing a rating of ERS 80 would be an administrative requirement, which P/T’s have asked to avoid

  43. Working Target ERS 80 • 11 House Archetypes

  44. Working Target ERS 80 • 11 House Archetypes – Calculation of Average For illustration purposes only

  45. Working Target ERS 80 • Modelling assumptions will be set to result inperformance averaging ERS 80

  46. Proposed Project Schedule • JTG-EEHSB Apr.14 – Apr.15, 2011 • SCEEB meeting May.5 – 6, 2011 SCH meeting May.25 – 26, 2011 • 1. batch of PCFs to E&T May.31, 2011 (Appendices) • Optional JTG-EEHSB Jun.16 – Jun.30, 2011 • 2. batch of PCFs to E&T Jun.30, 2011 (Prescriptive) • 3. batch of PCFs to E&T Jul.30, 2011 (Performance) • SC-HSB and SC-EEB Aug.15 – Sep.9, 2011 • Pre-Public Review Sep.12 – Oct.7, 2011 • Resolution of Comments (EC) Oct.10 – Oct.12, 2011 • 2011 Public Review Oct.24 – Dec.16, 2011 • Sub task group meetings Jan.4 – Jan.24, 2012 • Joint Task group meeting Feb.3 – Feb.7, 2012 • SCEEB meeting Feb.15, 2012 SCH meeting Feb.24, 2012 • Post-Public Review Mar.2 – Mar.22, 2012 • CCBFC meeting to approve Apr 20 – Apr.23, 2012 (no ballot) • CCC staff review of draft Jun.27 – Jul.12, 2012 • Publish Interim Changes Dec.20, 2012

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