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EOG REVIEW 8 th grade SCIENCE

EOG REVIEW 8 th grade SCIENCE. GOAL 4. Unit D Chapter 1.1 pages D9 – D16. “Atoms are the Smallest Form of Elements”. f. element. a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes. consists of atoms of only one type.

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EOG REVIEW 8 th grade SCIENCE

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  1. EOG REVIEW 8th grade SCIENCE

  2. GOAL 4

  3. Unit D Chapter 1.1 pages D9 – D16 “Atoms are the Smallest Form of Elements” f

  4. element • a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes • consists of atoms of only one type

  5. HYDROGEN The most common element in the universe is...

  6. Atoms of the element hydrogen account for about 90% of the total mass of the universe. Hydrogen atoms make up only about 1% of Earth’s crust. Most of those hydrogen atoms are combined with oxygen atoms in the form of... ? water

  7. NATURAL and SYNTHETIC ELEMENTS • Ninety-two chemical elements occur naturally on Earth. • A synthetic element is made artificially in a laboratory but is generally not found in nature. EXAMPLES of SYNTHETIC ELEMENTS • plutonium • Einsteinium • Mendelevium

  8. ATOMIC CHEMICAL SYMBOLS one or two letters chosen to represent an element H = hydrogen Ne = neon The origin of some chemical symbols comes from Latin names. Au= gold aurum

  9. atom the smallest unit of an element that has all the properties of the element; the basic building block of matter

  10. THE STRUCTUREOF The three subatomic particles that make up atoms are... neutrons, and electrons. protons,

  11. proton a positively charged particle located in an atom's nucleus

  12. neutron a particle that has no electric charge and is located  in an atom's nucleus

  13. nucleus  the central region of an atom where most of the atom's mass is found in protons and neutrons

  14. The nucleus is held together by the • "strong nuclear force." • This force between • the protons and neutrons • overcomes the electrical force of repelling that would push • the positively charged protons apart.

  15. electron • a negatively charged particle located outside an atom's nucleus • about 2000 times smaller than either a proton or neutron

  16. SUBATOMIC PARTICLES Protons and neutrons are heavier than electrons and reside in the "nucleus," which is the center of the atom. Protons have a positive electrical charge, and neutrons have no electrical charge.  Electrons are extremely lightweight and are negatively charged. They exist in a cloud that surrounds the atom.

  17. NEUTRAL ATOM In a neutral atom (without an electric charge), the number of protons (positive charge) and the number of electrons (negative charge) are… EQUAL

  18. ELECTRON SHELLS Electrons spin very quickly around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons spin around the atom in pathways called orbitals or shells. 

  19. atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

  20. atomic mass number  the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus

  21. atomic mass number 

  22. THE END

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