Purpose

1. Purpose • Use numerical integration to determine whether a physical system involved in a collision obeys Newton’s Second Law.

2. Newton’s Second Law ,where Net force acting on object

3. Newton’s Second Law, in case you didn’t recognize it , if m = constant (dm/dt=0)

4. Impulse Change in momentum “Impulse” Impulse = Change in Momentum

5. The Basic Idea of this Lab Measure momentum change using the photogate (vinitial before collision, and vfinal after collision) Numerically integrate the measurements from the force sensor during the collision. Compare

6. Setup for Elastic Collision flat bumper photogate spring A bit of clay as a counter-weight bumper with needle eraser Force Sensor Glider Air Track

7. Glider Elastic Collision – Measuring vinitial vinitial Force Sensor

8. Glider Elastic Collision – Measuring the force during the collision Force Sensor

9. Elastic Collision – Measuring vfinal(going through the photogate in the other direction) vfinal Force Sensor Glider

10. Setup for Inelastic Collision photogate Modeling clay on hook (don’t use spring) Modeling clay Force Sensor Glider Air Track

11. Inelastic Collision – Measuring vinitial vinitial Force Sensor Glider

12. Inelastic Collision – Measuring the force during the collision Force Sensor Glider

13. Inelastic Collision : vfinal=0 Force Sensor Glider

14. The force-time diagram during the collision force collision time After collision: Force = 0 (if tared properly) Before collision: Force = 0 (if tared properly)

15. The force-time diagram during the collision force collision time force time Discrete measurements in certain time intervals get recorded also in a table in Capstone

16. Numerical Integration using the Table Data time (in s) Force (in N) 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 … … … 0.12 0.13 … before collision (f=0) 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 … … … 0.03 0.01 0.00 Export these data to Excel. Integrate in Excel using the trapezoidal rule (see homework). after collision (f=0)