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Research Presentations

Research Presentations. Introduction “sell” your research Methods Very brief/relatively extensive: depends on your topic Judicious use of detail here: what do we need/want to know Results How can they best be presented? Table of data or some sort of bar graph?

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Research Presentations

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  1. Research Presentations • Introduction • “sell” your research • Methods • Very brief/relatively extensive: depends on your topic • Judicious use of detail here: what do we need/want to know • Results • How can they best be presented? • Table of data or some sort of bar graph? • Should your y-axis be abs/time? Rate (mmol/min)? %? • Are your units clear? • Discussion/conclusion • What do your data mean? • Propose/suggest future directions that build off of your results

  2. Research Presentations • Graded (by me, with audience input) on: • Information, depth • How well the info comes across • Presentation style • All members get same grade • Audience participation component • 10 points “Laboratory Participation”

  3. Research Presentations • Suggestions: • Use pictures as much as possible • Text to support your pictures • Effective use of slide titles

  4. Viagra is a competitive inhibitor of fumarase

  5. Research Presentations • Suggestions: • Use pictures as much as possible • Text to support your pictures • Effective use of slide titles • Effective presentation of your data • ORGANIZATION • Practice • Excitement/interest/(reasonable) creativity

  6. Chapter 13 (etc): Bioenergetics • Metabolism: • Chemical reactions within a cell/organism • Often requires energy OR generates (harvests) energy • “Catabolism” • Degradative phase: breakdown of complex molecules into simpler products • Typically accompanied by energy release • “Anabolism” • Synthetic phase: creation of complex molecules from simpler precursors • Typically requires energy input

  7. Cells require a source of free energy to fight the second law of thermodynamics • Total entropy increases • Entropy is bad for cells • Free energy required to put things in order (macromolecules, genetic info, etc) • Photosynthetic organisms • Energy from solar radiation • Heterotrophic • Energy from nutrient molecules (reduced hydrocarbons, for example) • Solar/chemical energy transformed into chemical energy (esp. ATP) for bioavailability (biological work: coupling DG>0 to DG<0)

  8. DG vs. Keq • Standard free energy change for a reaction (DG’°) is constant • Actual free energy change depends on standard DG and temp/pressure, but more importantly reactant/product concentrations

  9. DG vs. Keq • Spontaneity: determined by DG, NOT DG’° • The DG for a typical reaction will decrease as it proceeds: • DG = 0 when the reaction reaches equilibrium • “Non-spontaneous” (DG’°>0) reactions can be made spontaneous by: • “Mass action”: (sometimes unreasonable) increase in substrate concentrations • Coupling to spontaneous reactions (DG’° is additive) • Remember: we’re talking energetically spontaneous: there may still be a kinetic barrier

  10. Chemical energy: making reactions spontaneous • ATP hydrolysis: DG’° ~ -30.5 kJ/mol • Destabilized reactant (ATP) • Stabilized products (PO43-+ADP+H+) • Also important: kinetic stabilization of an inherently unstable compound: good storage molecule

  11. ATP hydrolysis • DG’° ~ -30.5 kJ/mol not the whole story • DGp can be much higher (-60 kJ/mol)

  12. Other energy storage molecules

  13. Use of high energy phosphate compounds • Not simply direct hydrolysis: phosphoryl transfer to intermediate or to protein • Two step process: • Phosphoryl transfer: ‘activated’ compound • Phosphate displacement:lower energy product

  14. Tomorrow: more basics of phosphorylation • Another source of chemical energy: oxidation-reduction

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