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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. 1485-1660. “ A Flourish of Genius”. “Renaissance”. A French word meaning “rebirth” Starts in Italy Renewal of the human spirit - n ew energy, curiosity, and creativity Renewed interest in classical learning. Extraordinary People. Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance 1485-1660 “A Flourish of Genius”

  2. “Renaissance” • A French word meaning “rebirth” • Starts in Italy • Renewal of the human spirit - new energy, curiosity, and creativity • Renewed interest in classical learning

  3. Extraordinary People • Leonardo da Vinci • Michelangelo • Christopher Columbus • Galileo • Shakespeare

  4. Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel

  5. Humanism: • Intellectual movement that focuses on human values and concerns • “What is a human being?” • “What is a good life?” • “How do I lead a good life?” • Sought to harmonize these two great sources of wisdom: the Bible and the classics.

  6. The New Technology: A Flood of Print • Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1439. • Transformed the way information was exchanged. • First book printed was an immense Latin Bible in Germany around 1455. • Printing press reached England in 1476.

  7. The Reformation • England breaks away from the church • Church needed reform • Pope controlled all of Europe • Ignorance and idleness of monks • Loose living and personal wealth of priests and bishops • Henry VIII wanted to get rid of his wife of 24 years (Catherine) • Lost five babies and had only one girl (no heir) • Another younger woman Henry wanted – Ann Boleyn

  8. The Reformation • Pope refuses Henry a divorce in 1533 • Henry appoints a new archbishop of Canterbury , who declares Henry’s marriage to Catherine invalid. • In 1533, Henry breaks away from the Catholic church by declaring himself head of the new English church. • Beginning of Protestantism • Sir Thomas More – one of Henry’s subjects who remained loyal to the pope. Henry had him beheaded.

  9. Henry VIII • In all Henry VIII had six wives. • Divorced, beheaded, died, • Divorced, beheaded, survived • Had 3 children • Mary – daughter of the Spanish princess, Catherine of Aragon • Elizabeth – daughter of Anne Boleyn • Edward – son of Jane Seymour, a noblewoman.

  10. Continued… • Edward • Became king at the age of 9 • Ruled for only 6 years and died of Tuberculosis • Mary • “Bloody Mary” • Ruled for 5 years • Strong-willed Catholic (Spanish) • Restored the Pope’s power in England • Burned about 300 of her subjects at the stake • Died childless of a fever

  11. Queen Elizabeth (1558 – 1603) • “The Virgin Queen” • Knew that her strength lay in her independence • Restored law and order • Rejected the Pope’s authority and restored the Church of England again • Firmly established a religious and national identity • People loved her; symbol of peace, security, and prosperity • Inspiration for literature – even wrote herself • English started writing as never before

  12. Queen Elizabeth (1558 – 1603) • Survived many plots against her life • Mary Stuart (her cousin), Queen of Scots • Had her beheaded after 20 years. • Establishes the Royal Navy • Defeats the Spanish Armada in 1588. • Huge turning point for England as a European power • Elizabeth dies childless in 1603 of blood poisoning at the age of 70.

  13. End of the Renaissance • James VI of Scotland, Elizabeth’s cousin (son of Mary who Elizabeth killed), succeeds to the throne. • Reins from 1603 – 1625 • Tried hard, but just wasn’t Elizabeth • Charles I (son of James VI) • Reined from 1625-1649 • Turned out to be even worse than his father • His subjects had him beheaded in 1649. • Renaissance is ending…. Scientific truths were soon to challenge long-accepted religious beliefs

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