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Geospatial Feature

A Consideration of Geospatial F eature F ormation in Linked O pen Vocabularies Workshop on Linked Open Data: Activities, Ideas, Practices @ GIForum 2014 Dalia Varanka July 1, 2014. Geospatial Feature. ISO 19112 Geographic Information – Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers.

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Geospatial Feature

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  1. A Consideration of Geospatial Feature Formation in Linked Open VocabulariesWorkshop on Linked Open Data: Activities, Ideas, Practices @ GIForum 2014Dalia VarankaJuly 1, 2014

  2. Geospatial Feature ISO 19112 Geographic Information – Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers geo:hasGeometry geo:Feature geo:Geometry OGC 11-052r4 OGC GeoSPARQL – A Geographic Query Language for RDF Data

  3. Definitions • Abstraction of real world phenomena (ISO) • A digital representation of a real world entity or an abstraction of the real world (OGC) Selection of characteristics relevant to an area of interest with disregard of what is irrelevant

  4. Introduction • Concept of a geospatial feature in GIScience literature • Feature class semantics in Linked Open Vocabulary (LOV) • Feature as ontology pattern • Hydrography example

  5. Geographical and Cognitive Entities • Features are conceptualized as objects • World has fuzzy boundaries • Cognitively constructed categories • Technical adaptation of the feature concept • Imposes further semantic constraints • Must support geographical analysis

  6. Geospatial Feature Concept Theme Time Space Equivalent to a ‘geographical fact’ Berry, B.J.L. 1964. Approaches to Spatial Analysis: A Regional Synthesis. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 54, 2-11.

  7. Feature Type Class Semantics Attributes Identity Relations Place (Space) Time Usery, E.L., Spatial Feature classes, Encyclopedia of Geography, John Wiley and Sons, In press.

  8. GeoNames Feature Classes (9) and Code Definitions (645)

  9. Geonames Feature Class Semantics

  10. Feature Semantics in Layer-Based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) • Improved attribute and topological representation • Feature class changed from type to geometry • Feature geometry changed from objects to tabular coordinate pair segments • Feature geometry classes: effective for overlay processing, but not intuitive for feature recognition

  11. Feature Semantics Remedied in Cartography • Rich spatial, thematic, and temporal representation • Web Feature Service (WFS): syntax, but not semantics

  12. Web Ontology Language (OWL) • Hierarchical Class • Defined Class • Subclass of SpatialQuality • Equivalent to crosses min 2 Object • Disjoint with HydroNetJunction • Domain of PermenantIdentifier • Domain of AbovePermenantIdentifier • Domain of BelowPermenantIdentifier Spatial relationship of features that cross but do not exchange flow

  13. Feature Pattern Semantics • Identity • typeOf • Attribute • equivalentTo • Spatial Reference • hasGeometry • Temporal Reference • Spatial Relations • GeoSPARQL

  14. LOV for U.S. National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)

  15. GIS-NHD Triples From Tables Property Literal Subject Object

  16. Domain ClassesAllowable subjects of a property are limited to a particular table Above_Permanent_Identifier String NHDVerticalRelationship

  17. Surface Water Ontology Cognitive Recognition Provenance and Metadata NHD Feature Ontology Applied Model Instance Gazetteer Ontology Mapping and Display Database Database Maintenance

  18. NHD Instance (Gazetteer) Classes Instance Gazetteer Permanent Identifier Hydro_Net Processes • Above Permanent Identifier • Below Permanent Identifier • HU Code • TNM ID • Hydro_Net Junction • Flow Direction • From Permanent Identifier • To Permanent Identifier Name Geometry & Spatial Qualities • Point • Line • Area • Elevation • Vertical Relationship • Relationship to Surface

  19. Semantic Enhancements: Transitivity Extensions to segments support inference

  20. Conclusion • Geospatial feature type class semantics worth maintaining in LOV • Feature class modeled as a pattern in LOV • LOV object properties support LOD datatype properties

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