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Memory

Memory. Storage, retrieval, eye witness testimony. Can we trust eye witness testimony? (p165). Piaget’s “abduction” Wording impacts an eye-witnesses response Problem of selective focus Ethnic-racial biases Power of suggestion Should we rely on them for lack of an alternative?.

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Memory

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  1. Memory Storage, retrieval, eye witness testimony

  2. Can we trust eye witness testimony? (p165) • Piaget’s “abduction” • Wording impacts an eye-witnesses response • Problem of selective focus • Ethnic-racial biases • Power of suggestion • Should we rely on them for lack of an alternative?

  3. Processes of Memory en·gram engram1. 
a hypothetical permanent change in the brain accounting for the existence of memory; a memory trace po·ten·ti·a·tion potentiation 1. 
the increase in strength of nerve impulses along pathways that have been used previously, either short-term or long-term.

  4. Storage • Definition: maintenance of encoded information over time. • Characteristics: rely on strategies to help properly maintain encoded material. • Maintenance Rehearsal: repetition of information • Relatively “poor” effectiveness • Elaborative Rehearsal: connecting new information to what you already know • Relatively effective. (Example?)

  5. Storage • Filing Systems: categorize information (US History events). • Can hinder elaborative learning • Freud’s “Eternal City”: The mind is like a city in which all things ever built still stand. • Make it difficult to navigate • Filing Errors: place information in inappropriate categories.

  6. Freud’s “Eternal City” Analogy, Civilization and Its Discontents • Class Reading • http://sites.middlebury.edu/individualandthesociety/files/2010/09/civ-and-its-discon.pdf • P725-727 • Beginning paragraph, “This brings us to the more general problem…”

  7. Retrieval • Definition: locating sorted information and bringing it back into conscious thought. • Characteristics • Simple Retrieval: your name, DOB • Complex Retrieval: methods of encoding and storage to reconstruct information • Context-Dependent Memories: situation of the event’s occurrence is mimicked and the event is recalled.

  8. Retrieval • Godden & Baddeley, Context-Dependent Experiment • Group A asked to memorize a word list in a pool. • Group B asked to memorize outside of the water. • During recall, each group remembered the list better when in their initial environments

  9. Retrieval • State-Dependent Memories: recall based on the conscious state in which an event occurred. • Emotions help you recall other times you felt the same way. (Drug comrades) • Tip-of-the-tongue Phenomenon: feeling of remember or knowing with the inability to verbalize. • Result of poor organization or incomplete encoding

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