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2. PresentationExpress The Coming of War (1931-1941) The Coming of War (1931–1941) Witness History: A Rendezvous With Destiny Dictators and Wars From Isolation to Involvement America Enters the War Click a subsection to advance to that particular section. Advance through the slide show using your mouse or the space bar.

3. Dictators and Wars Sec 1: Dictators and Wars A Bitter Peace Unravels Main Idea:After World War I, extreme dictatorships known as totalitarian states rose up in many European countries. Repression in the Soviet Union and Italy Main Idea:Joseph Stalin rose to power in the Soviet Union and Benito Mussolini took control of Italy. Both used repression to exert control over their country. Aggressive Leaders in Germany and Japan Main Idea: The depression helped Hitler rise to power in Germany and led to Japan attempting to expand their empire with aggressive military action. Dictators Turn to Aggression Main Idea: The League of Nations was not able to stop rising aggression in Europe and Asia, therefore, Germany, Italy, and Japan’s aggressive acts continued throughout the 1930s. Aggression Goes Unchecked Main Idea: The United States and other democratic nations tried to grant some concessions to totalitarian nations in order to prevent another war. Continued…

4. Dictators and Wars (continued…) Sec 1: Dictators and Wars (con’t) Witness History: Hitler’s Brutal Determination Note Taking: Reading Skill: Summarize Chart: Characteristics of a Totalitarian State Color Transparencies: Political Cartoons: The Nazi Party Geography Interactive: Japanese Expansion, 1931-1939 Note Taking: Identify Main Ideas Progress Monitoring Transparency

5. How did Stalin and Mussolini maintain their power? • Stalin killed or terrorized his political enemies. • Great Terror: Stalin purged the Communist Part of real or suspected traitors. • Mussolini appeared strong and better than Italy’s government at the time. Outlawed political parties, took over press, created secret police, indoctrinated youth.

7. How Depression affect life in Germany and Japan? • Depression created horrendous conditions in Germany and Japan. • Depression discredited Weimer Republic in Germany and Democratic leaders in Japan. • This led to the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany and Militaristic leaders in Japan.

9. Why did the League fail to halt German/Italian aggression? • The League had no enforcement power. • America wasn’t a part of it. • No standing army. • No power to enforce decrees. • Britain and France chose to “appease” Germany to try and avoid another conflict. • Continued to give into demands of Nazi party and Hitler. Munich Pact: give Germany Sudetenland.

11. Reading Skill: Summarize TRANSPARENCY Note Taking: Reading Skill: Summarize

12. Characteristics of a Totalitarian State CHART Chart: Characteristics of a Totalitarian State

13. Political Cartoons: The Nazi Party TRANSPARENCY Transparency: Political Cartoons: The Nazi Party

14. Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Identify Main Ideas

15. PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 1

16. From Isolation to Involvement Sec 2: From Isolation to Involvement Roosevelt Opposes Aggression Main Idea:Roosevelt was against the aggression occurring in Europe and Asia, but did not take direct action against the totalitarian countries. War Erupts in Europe Main Idea:When Germany invaded Poland, war broke out and eventually expanded across Europe. Americans Debate Involvement Main Idea:Early on, most Americans were against getting involved in the war, but slowly began supporting Britain America Takes Steps Toward War Main Idea:The United States began providing open support to Britain, and received an aggressive response from Germany. Witness History: An Isolationist Voice Note Taking: Reading Skill: Sequence Continued…

17. From Isolation to Involvement (continued…) Sec 2: From Isolation to Involvement (con’t) Color Transparencies: German Blitzkrieg Geography Interactive: German Aggression, 1936-1941 Political Cartoons: The Only Way to Save Democracy Quick Study: Should the United States Enter World War II? Progress Monitoring Transparency

18. How did Roosevelt react to Japan’s aggression in China? • Japan continued to attack china and rained terror on Chinese cities. Even sank U.S. gunboat Panay. • FDR called for isolating Japan, but did not specify how. Wanted all peaceful nations to join together.

19. FDR Quarantine Speech • “When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread, the community approves and joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease… War is a contagion, whether it be declared or undeclared. It can engulf states and peoples remote from the original scene of hostilities. We are determined to keep out of war, yet we cannot insure ourselves against the disastrous effects of war and the dangers of involvement.”

20. Hitler's offensive • Britain, France and Poland create alliance in hopes of keeping Germany from attacking poland. • Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact signed. • Germany invades Poland on Sept 1, 1939. • April 9, 1940 Germany attacks Denmark and Norway. Fall immediately. • May 10, 1940 Netherlands Belgium and Luxembourg fall.

21. Hitler’s Blitzkrieg • Blitzkrieg means “lightning war” • France had built up forces along Maginot Line where Germany had attacked before. • Germany goes through forest in Ardennes in early May 1940. • France falls in 35 days.

22. Which side seemed to be winning the war at the end of 1940? • The axis powers.

23. How would aiding the allies keep the U.S. out of war? • Argued that Britain was fighting for free countries everywhere, including the U.S. • With the U.S. helping out Allied side, they were actually fighting for freedom and rights everywhere. • Churchill wanted U.S. involved.

24. How did the U.S. support the Allies after FDR’s reelection? • Increased economic aid. • Provided naval support to Britain. • Lend-Lease Act: U.S. can lend/lease any defense article to anyone. • Signed Atlantic Charter: national self-determination and system of general security. • Germany starts to attack U.S. ships.

25. German Blitzkrieg TRANSPARENCY Transparency: German Blitzkrieg

26. Reading Skill: Sequence NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Sequence

27. Political Cartoons: The Only Way to Save Democracy ANALYZE Analyze: Political Cartoons: The Only Way to Save Democracy

28. Should the United States Enter World War II? QUICK STUDY Quick Study: Should the United States Enter World War II?

29. PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 2

30. America Enters the War Sec 3: America Enters the War Japan Attacks the United States Main Idea:After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States officially entered the war. Mobilizing for War Main Idea:The attack on Pearl Harbor and the start of the war led to a wave of patriotism, and a large number of Americans volunteered for service or created goods needed. Fierce Fighting in the Pacific Main Idea:Early on, the Japanese seemed to have control of the fighting in the Pacific, but by 1942 the United States had won some ground. Witness History: A Date That Will Live in Infamy Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects History Interactive: More Information about Pearl Harbor Color Transparencies: Women and the War Effort Continued…

31. America Enters the War (continued…) Sec 3: America Enters the War (con’t) Graph: World War II Aircraft Production Note Taking: Reading Skill: Sequence Geography Interactive: Japanese Aggression, December 1941 – June 1942 Color Transparencies : The Battle of Midway Progress Monitoring Transparency

32. What did Japan hope to gain in War? Were they successful? • U.S. places embargo on Japan to try and halt expansion. • Wanted to wipe out the U.S. fleet. • Prevent the U.S. from halting Japanese expansion into Asia. • Japan was not successful because the U.S. fleet survived and U.S. entered WWII. • Suffered heavy losses. Out for 6 months.

33. James F. Anderson Quote • “I saw more planes coming in, passing over Battleship Row dropping bombs. I remember very clearly what looked like a dive-bomber coming in over the Arizona and dropping a bomb. I saw that bomb go down through what looked like a stack, and almost instantly it cracked the bottom of the Arizona, blowing the whole bow loose. It rose out of the water and settled. I could see flames, fire, and smoke coming out of that ship, and I saw two men fling through the air and the fire, screaming as they went.”

34. What were first actions taken by the U.S.? • Joined organizations that supported the war effort. (Women’s Army Corps) • Volunteered for the military. • U.S. govt increased defense spending. • Set up agencies to oversee war industry to increase production. • Ford Motor Company started building strickly B-24 Liberator bombers to help out.

36. What military advantage did the U.S. have over Japan? • It had a greater capacity to produce aircraft carriers and planes. • U.S. Battle of the Coral Sea and the Doolittle Raid also gave the U.S. renewed sense of confidence.

37. Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects

38. Women and the War Effort TRANSPARENCY Transparency: Women and the War Effort

39. World War II Aircraft Production GRAPH Graph: World War II Aircraft Production

40. Reading Skill: Sequence NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Sequence

41. The Battle of Midway TRANSPARENCY Transparency: The Battle of Midway

42. PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 3