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Ch. 25.5 Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions

Ch. 25.5 Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions. CHM Hon. Last class…we talked about nuclear fission:. Today…. We will discuss another application of nuclear chemistry: MEDICINE. Detecting Radioactivity.

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Ch. 25.5 Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions

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  1. Ch. 25.5Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions CHM Hon.

  2. Last class…we talked about nuclear fission:

  3. Today… • We will discuss another application of nuclear chemistry: MEDICINE

  4. Detecting Radioactivity • Ionizing radiation = radiation energetic enough to ionize matter with which it collides • Geiger Counter makes use of ionizing radiation

  5. Detecting Radioactivity • Geiger counter: radiation detection device

  6. Detecting Radioactivity • Scintillation counter • Uses phosphor-coated surface to detect radiation • Scintillations = bright flashes of light produced when ionizing radiation excites the electrons in certain types of atoms (phosphors) • The number and brightness is detected / recorded, determines the amount of ionizing radiation present

  7. Uses of radiation • Neutron activation analysis • Detects trace amounts of elements in a sample • Used in computer chip technology (analysis of composition) • Bombardment with stream of neutrons • Type of radiation emitted determines the types / quantities of elements present

  8. Uses of Radiation • Used to follow the course of an element through a chemical reaction • Helps Scientists understand processes • Radiotracer = radioisotope that emits non-ionizing radiation and is used to signal the presence of an element or specific substance. • Iodine-131

  9. Uses of Radiation • Positron emission transaxial tomograpgy (PET)

  10. Uses of Radiation • Radiation therapy • Used to treat cancer by destroying unhealthy cells, fast-growing cells • Down side: also kills good cells!

  11. Biological Effects of Radiation • Can be very harmful • Damaged produced depends on: • energy of radiation • type of tissue • Distance • Gamma rays easily penetrate human skin

  12. Biological Effects of Radiation • Ionizing radiation damage to living systems • SOMATIC: affects non-reproductive body tissue • GENETIC: damages reproductive tissue

  13. Biological Effects of Radiation • Dose – the amount of radiation your body absorbs from a radioactive source • Rad (Radiation absorbed dose) • Rem (roentgen equivalent for man)

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