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WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER ABOUT ENZYMES AND DIGESTION?

WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER ABOUT ENZYMES AND DIGESTION?. teeth - mechanical digestion Break food down into smaller parts. Small chunks are easier to swallow and have a greater surface area for digestion enzymes to act on.

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WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER ABOUT ENZYMES AND DIGESTION?

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  1. WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER ABOUT ENZYMES AND DIGESTION?

  2. teeth - mechanical digestion Break food down into smaller parts. Small chunks are easier to swallow and have a greater surface area for digestion enzymes to act on Saliva contains the enzyme salivary amylase (pH optimum 7), which breaks down starch to maltose. Saliva also contains mucus which binds chewed food together and also lubricates swallowing MORE DETAIL The liver produces bile which emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acids MORE DETAIL Human nutrition Digestion Main functions of the digestive system mouth salivary glands oesophagus liver gall bladder stomach small intestine (duodenum) pancreas small intestine (ileum) large intestine appendix rectum anus

  3. Human nutrition Digestion The role of enzymes in digestion Enzymes are biological catalysts. They speed up most of the reactions in the body which would otherwise be far too slow. Enzymes are made of protein, a sensitive substance whose structure is altered easily by temperature or pH Digestive enzymes all break down large molecules into ones small enough to pass through the intestine wall The shape of enzymes is vital to their role as catalysts and determines which reaction they catalyse The shape of enzymes is easily changed by heat or pH. The enzymes stop working and are said to be denatured. amylase pepsin

  4. AMYLASE sugar molecules (maltose) Human nutrition Digestion The role of enzymes in digestion AMYLASE part of a starch molecule Amylase is produced by: The salivary glands (pH 7 - neutral) The pancreas The small intestine (pH 8)

  5. Optimum temperature HUMAN ENZYME Reaction rate increases due to kinetic effect Enzyme shape changing - denaturation 36.7 deg C Human nutrition Digestion The role of enzymes in digestion ENZYME-CATALYSED REACTION Rate of reaction ENZYMES CATALYSE EFFECTIVELY ONLY IF THEIR SHAPE IS CORRECT temperature

  6. Pancreas / small intestine Stomach Human nutrition Digestion The role of enzymes in digestion ENZYME-CATALYSED REACTION Two forms of trypsin. Where do they come from? Rate of reaction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 pH

  7. NOW SEE HOW MUCH OF THIS YOU CAN REMEMBER • With thanks to LRGS BIOLAB PRESENTATIONS

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