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This text explores the various interactions among policy elements, such as coentitlement and disentitlement, and their effects on program eligibility. It also discusses contradictory effects, duplication of services, and government-level interactions. The text provides insights into the factors and theories involved in policy analysis and program design.
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Interactions among Policy Elements Looking at Program Components
Policy Elements • Coentitlement – people eligible for one program will be eligible for others (example, TANF, Medi-cal, Food Stamps) • Disentitlement-use of one benefit will make people ineligible for others (example, SSI receipt makes people ineligible for TANF). • Lipsky argues that there is also a program effect called “bureaucratic disentitlement – this is when the rules make it almost impossible for people to apply for a service and establish eligibility for it. (for example, the relative responsibility rule; some types of work requirements or eligibility restrictions)
Program Elements (continued) • Contrary effects – operation of one program or policy cancels out another. (For example, increasing accountability or paperwork requirements may decrease program access). • Duplication of services (someone may receive the same benefits from more than one source – prompting concerns about the individual receiving too much and reducing services/benefits available to others.) • Government-level interaction. Benefits administered or financed at one level may cancel out those received at another. (example – receipt of emergency shelter or food may affect eligibility for some types of federal benefits).
Things to take into consideration in policy analysis: • Context of Social Problem • Definition of Problem • Ideological Perspective • Causal analysis (what theories are used to explain the problem). • Gainers & Losers • Judicial & Historical Context • Social Program/Policy • Goals & Objectives • Eligibility Rules • Benefit or Service
Policy analysis (continued) • Administration & Service Delivery Program Theory (why is program expected to work/causal chain) Program Design Type of Service Delivery Organization Is it integrated/continuous? Accessible How is accountability enforced? • Financing Mechanism
Example: Child Abuse Programs • What are the theories about why child abuse happens? • Have our ideas about child abuse changed over time? • What types of programs are effective in counseling adult abusers? What are the theories associated with these programs?