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1. Menu WHAT IS CARBOTECH? CARBOTECH: MECHANISM OF ACTION APPLICATION OF CARBOTECH CARBOTECH RECOMMENDATIONS RESULTS

2. Resultate TREE CROPS VEGETABLES PASTURES YOUNG TREES POTATOES LUCERN BEARING TREES CHICORY GRASS BUTTERNUTS GRAIN CROPS WHEAT PEPPERS MAIZE WATERMELON SOY BEANS TOMATOES LETTUCE CUCUMBERS BACK

3. CARBOTECH THE PLANT NUTRITION TECHNOLOGY OF THE FUTURE

4. CARBOTECH™ CARBOTECH IS A LIQUID CARBON PRODUCT DERIVED FROM PLANT EXTRACTS. CARBOTECH IS USEFUL IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF PLANT NUTRIENT UPTAKE.

5. Origen of CARBOTECH: A unique blend of complex carbohydrates derived from photosynthetic organisms, consisting of five distinct functional groups. “Liquid compost” TYPES OF CARBON Cellulose Hemi-cellulose Starch Fats and oils Lignin Proteins Pectins BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS Oligo- and polysaccharides Saccharides Dextrin Fatty acids Humic and fulvic acids Amino acids Amylose and amylopectin Hydroponic trial setup for product development and evaluation Process Photosynthetic organisms

6. CARBOTECH – MECHANISM OF ACTION: • Carbotech will bind with nutrients and protect it from lock-out in the soil or from leaching and volatilization. • Cat-Ions such as Ammonia, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium binds with Carbotech to form larger molecules, aiding in reducing leaching through the soil. • Anions such as Phosphates binds with Carbotech in 'n proses called organic Phosphate clustering protecting it from Calcium / Phosphate lockout. • Carbotech will improve root growth by stimulating cell division and growth as well as having a positive effect on phosphate availability and mobility • The beneficial carbonaceous bacterial food source available in Carbotech promotes the bio-life in the soil to thrive and assist in the promotion of nutrient uptake, root development and root health to give natural defence against attacks on plant health

7. CARBOTECH AND LEACHING OF N Water & AN Water AN & CARBOTECH N = 43% N = 62% 46.5% more N in the ground N Losses = 57% N Losses = 38%

8. APPLICATION STRATEGIES: CARBOTECH – TREE CROPS CARBOTECH – FIELD CROPS • The producer’s aim with field crops is to feed the plant optimally for maximum yield. • Because Carbotech can improve nutrient uptake, we are able to feed the plant more optimally • This translates to an increase in profit per hectare in most cases • The producer’s aim with tree crops is to get nutrient levels in the leaves up to norm. • Because Carbotech can improve nutrient uptake, we are able to reduce nutrient application to various degrees • This translates to a net saving on the fertilizer program in most cases • (Note – the approach with young trees is similar to field crops)

9. APPLICATION PRACTICES: Carbotech is a liquid product that can be used with liquid or granular fertilizer. Carbotech is usually applied through the irrigation water, with or without fertilizer, but as close as possible to the fertilizer application. Alternatively, Carbotech can be applied, by spraying a dilute (1:10), mechanically or manually on the soil close to the plant where the fertilizer is usually applied.

10. CARBOTECH RECOMMENDATIONS: It is important for success that a CFT Carbotech Application program is prepared for every application. The following information is needed to convert a chemical program into a Carbotech program: • Standard chemical fertilizer program (latest) • Fertilizer detail including strength (e.g. 3.2.1 (33) ) • Application Intervals (e.g. Monthly, Weekly, etc..) • Hectares. • Application methods • Opsional Information: • Expected yield • Leaf and Soil Analyses

11. TRUNK GIRTH COMPARISONS - AUSTRALIA

12. TRUNK GIRTH COMPARISONS - AUSTRALIA JEMMALONG CITRUS - AUSTRALIA Reduced Chemicals with Carbotech (20% less expensive than standard chemicals) Standard Chemicals

13. TRUNK GIRTH COMPARISONS - ORANGE RIVIER AREA Block 210B Planting Date March 2009; Alpha Valencia on Micro – Fertilizers: Straights Block 210A Planting Date March 2009; Star Ruby on Micro – Fertilizers: Straights Block 125A (Valve 2) Planting Date March 2009; Nel Ruby Pomelo on Drip – Fertilizers: AB Flex Block 125A (Valve 1) Planting Date March 2009;Nel Ruby Pomelo on Drip– Fertilizers: CFT10.2.4

14. TRUNK GIRTH COMPARISONS - ORANGE RIVIER AREA

15. TRUNK GIRTH COMPARISONS - ORANGE RIVIER AREA

16. PEARS BARRYDALE

17. APPLES – AGTER WITZENBERG

18. YOUNG TREES: 96 HA DRIP IRRIGATION

19. 187 HA DRIP AND MICRO IRRIGATION

20. 47 HA DRIP AND MICRO IRRIGATION

21. 252HA MICRO IRRIGATION

22. SUMMARY OF NUMEROUS FARMS ACROSS SOUTH AFRICA (850Ha)

23. Lettuce

24. Cucumbers

25. Cucumbers Fruit picked per plant per day Day Number

26. Tomatoes Not a true trial as the yield increase is between seasons. Various other factors could have contributed. Similar trends in other crops does however help to build confidence in the abilities of the product

27. Potatoes VARIOUS POTATO TRIALS Chemical Fertilizer R/Ha Carbotech Cost R/Ha Control R/Ha Revenue Carbotech R/Ha Revenue

28. Potatoes

29. Potatoes This graph shows that in addition to the yield increase of 13t per ha, there were also changes in classification in favour of higher value classes. This resulted in a revenue difference of R27361 per ha, after the cost of Carbotech (R4700 per ha) has been taken into account.

30. Potatoes CarbotechAartappelmoereproef - Julian Nieuwoudt - Christiana This graph shows that in addition to the yield increase of 1506Kg on 10Ha, there were also changes in classification in favour of higher value classes. This resulted in a revenue difference of R59607 on 10 ha, after the cost of Carbotech (R1426.5 x10 = R14295) has been taken into account. (Note: yield differences on seed potatoes are lower as their growth is terminated on 110 days)

31. Wheat VARIOUS WHEAT TRIALS Carbotech R/Ha Standard Yield (Tonnes per Ha) Carbotech Yield (Tonnes per Ha)

32. Wheat

33. Wheat

34. Soy Beans

35. Chicory VARIOUS CHICORY TRIALS Carbotech R/Ha Standard Yield (Tonnes per Ha) Carbotech Yield (Tonnes per Ha)

36. Water Melons WATER MELONS Standard Chemical Fertilizer cost R/Ha Cost of Carbotech R/Ha Area Standard Yield Carbotech Yield

37. Peppers

38. Butternuts

39. LUCERN Early results on Lucerne with Carbotech looks very promising. No formal measurements have yet been made, but obvious growth differences were observed that have farmers excited. One farmer in Warmbaths stated that the yield difference might be as much as 30% higher in his specific case Application Strategy: • Carbotech is used in conjuction with a general purpose micro nutrient product like Multifeed • Application is made directly after each cutting. The rates are as follows: • Carbotech: 4 liters per Ha • Multifeed: 2kg per Ha The cost is <R250 per hectare per cutting. The intended result is an improvement in yield and / or an increase in nutritional value. Although we found in some cases that a positive result was evident after the first cutting, we propose that an evaluation only be made after the third cutting. Lucerne - Ellisras The specific field’s production was very uneven initially as the topsoil was moved around during preparation of the field. The application of Carbotech has not only dramatically increased the yield but the growth was found to be a lot more even across the field.

40. MAIZE Below are the first Maize results with Carbotech. It seems to be similar to other grains like wheat. R/Ha Tonnes/Ha Maize in the Gamtoos Valley: Pannar 6236BT