Unit 10

1. Commercial Construction Unit 10

2. Codes • Building codes are more strict for commercial structures • Codes regulate design, electrical, energy, fire, mechanical, plumbing, structural, and zoning • The Uniform Building Code should be used to gain an ability in referencing

3. Occupancy Groups • Occupancy groups specifies how the structure will be used A - Assembly-type I - Institutional B – Non-hazardous business M - Mercantile E - Educational R - Residential F - Factories S - Storage H - Hazardous areas U - Utility

4. Design • Building area refers to the size of a structure • This is based on square-foot-sizes • Once the type of construction is determined the type of materials are selected • The materials also assist in determining the maximum height of the structure

5. Design • Zoning ordinances and the building uses determine where it can be located • Increasing space between buildings reduces fire hazards • Closer buildings may require special fire resistant materials

6. Design • Occupancy load is determined by a ratio of a room area to the specified code. • Interior layout is completed after the exterior shape is determined. • A fire path must be determined so there is easy evacuation if a fire exists.

7. Design • Fire exit codes require at least two of the exits be separated by one-half of the diagonal of the area served. • Exit doors must be at least 3’-0” wide. • Hall width is a minimum of 44” wide.

8. Code Organizations • 1999 BOCA - www.bocai.org • 1997 UBC - www.icbo.org • 1999 SBC - www.sbbci.org • 2000 IBC - www.intlcode.org

9. Steel Construction • Steel studs meet requirements for Type 1, 2, and 3 construction methods • Designed for rapid assembly • Lightweight, noncombustible, and strong • Range in size from 3 5/8” to 10” • Produced with 12 to 20 gage steel • Specify as: 362SJ20 STEEL STUDS BY UNIMAST

10. Steel Construction • Steel joists offer the same advantages over wood as steel studs • Nested joists are placed around another joist • Available in lengths up to 40’ • Can support greater loads over longer spans • Specify as:14K4 OPEN WEB STEEL JOIST@32” O.C

11. Steel Construction • Prefabricated steel structures are built in modular units with given spans, wall heights, and lengths • Tapered members allow a minimum amount of material to be used • Metal siding is screwed to girts to complete the wall • The Manual of Steel Construction (AISC) is the code book for steel construction

12. Steel, Wood, & Concrete Construction • American Institute of Steel Construction – • www.aisc.org • American Institute of Timber Construction • www.aitc-glulam.org • American Welding Society • www.aws.org • Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute – • www.crsi.org • Steel Joist Institute • www.steeljoist.org

13. Reading Drawings • Floor plans are provided comparable to those on residential drawings. • Electrical plans include separate plans for outlets, lighting, schematic diagrams, and exterior equipment.

14. Reading Drawings • Acoustical ceiling tiles call for a reflected ceiling plan. • Mechanical plans illustrate heating and cooling equipment and duct runs.

15. Reading Drawings • Foundation plans are comparable to residential plans, except footings vary in size. • Plumbing plans are divided into sewer and fresh water plans.

16. Reading Drawings • Elevations are usually drawn at 1/8” = 1’-0” or smaller. • Sections are used as a reference map on commercial drawings. • Drawn at 1/4” = 1’-0” • Details are used to explain a specific area of construction.

17. Reading Drawings • Roofs are typically made of truss and panelized systems. • Interior elevations depend on the use of the structure.

18. Reading Drawings • Site plans are similar to residential site plans • Include parking spaces, driveways, curbs, and walkways • Show water lines and meters, sewer laterals and manholes, and underground electric and communication wires