The Spirit of Reform: Making Society Better

1. The Spirit of Reform-How to make society better Second Great Awakening-Religious movement that said good works were important for salvation-inspired the Reform Movement Transcendentalism-to reach true understanding of the world people need to transcend logical thinking and rely on intuition and emotion to question society’s rules and institutions Model Communities-people lived together in harmony with cooperation not competition

2. The Spirit of Reform-How to make society better Second Great Awakening- •inspired Reform Movement of 1800’s •everyone could gain salvation for sins by doing good works. • people had a reason to work for improvement Of society Leader: Charles Finney-work to abolish slavery!

3. The Spirit of Reform-How to make society better Transcendentalism- •every human had unlimited potential •people had to “transcend” or go beyond logical thinking • trust emotions and intuition •find God in nature and the “God within” each of us Leaders: Ralph Waldo Emmerson- Henry DavidThoreau_writers

4. Transcendentalism • Writers • Emerson • Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau

5. The Spirit of Reform-How to make society better Model Communities- Brook Farm,MA •people lived together in harmony with cooperation not competition • create perfect communities by working together Leader: George Ripley-Brook Farm

6. Prison Reform Problems: •jail inmates were in chains and cages, dirty, overcrowded conditions •children in jail with adults •mentally ill locked in dirty, crowded prison cells and whipped •debtors owing $20 were in prison

7. Prison Reforms •New asylums built •debtors not placed in prison • special justice system for children •cruel punishment outlawed

8. Education Problems: •few areas had public schools •term was 10 weeks •schools were overcrowded •teachers not trained-little pay •most children did not go to school

9. Education Reforms: •NY set up public elementary schools •MA voted to pay taxes to build better schools •train teachers, better salaries •by 1850 most white boys attended public Schools. • Public universities accepted women Leader: Horace Mann

10. Slavery/Abolitionism • Problem: the cruel inhumanity of slavery

11. Abolitionists Angelina and Sarah Grimke-led the way for women to speak out against the evils of slavery Sojourner Truth- worked both for equality for women and abolition of slavery- women could do anything a man could do!!!

12. Abolitionists • William Lloyd Garrison published an abolitionist newspaper”The Liberator” William Lloyd Garrison

13. Frederick Douglass Abolitionist • Born as a slave in 1817 • Taught to read and write by the wife of his owner • Escaped from slavery • A leading abolitionist speaker • Founded his own anti-slavery newspaper, The North Star • •”Right is of no sex and Truth is of no color”

14. Women’s Rights Problems: •women could not vote (suffrage) or hold office •fathers and husbands controlled women’s money and property •could not speak in public •husbands could physically discipline their wives •women received little education

15. Women’s Rights Reforms; •Seneca Falls Convention-1st organized movement of women’s rights •Declaration of Sentiments(Rights)- stated grievances against men -based on the Declaration of Independence

16. Early Women’s Rights Movement Lucretia Mott • Grew out of the abolitionist movement • Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Sojourner Truth Elizabeth Cady Stanton Sojourner Truth

17. Seneca Falls, NY Wrote-Declaration of Sentiments Problems: •No property rights for women even to her own wages • He did not allow her a profession • He did not allow her to vote/hold office

18. Seneca Falls Declaration • of Sentiments • Reforms: • •New York gave women control over • property and wages • •MA and ID passed more liberal divorce • Laws • •Elizabeth Blackwell 1st female physician • • 1920 right to vote (70 years after Seneca • Falls)