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Arithmetic

Arithmetic . Arithmetic is the branch of Mathematics which studies the numbers and their basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division in day to day counting. Addition. Addition is the basic operation of arithmetic . .

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Arithmetic

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  1. Arithmetic Arithmetic is the branch of Mathematics which studies the numbers and their basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division in day to day counting.

  2. Addition Addition is the basic operation of arithmetic . In its simplest form, addition combines two numbers, the addends or terms, into a single number, the sum of the numbers.

  3. For example, the opposite of 7 is −7, so 7 + (−7) = 0. Adding ’0 ‘to any number yields that same number. E.g. 12 + o = 12 If we have two sticks of lengths 2 and 5, then if we place the sticks one after the other, the length of the stick thus formed is 2 + 5 = 7. Ex. 1) 112+ 154 = 266 2) 10567 + 18765 = 29332

  4. Subtraction • 1. Subtraction is the opposite of addition. • 2. Subtraction finds the difference between two numbers, the minuend minus the subtrahend. • 3. If the minuend is larger than the subtrahend, • the difference is positive; • 4. if the minuend is smaller than the subtrahend, • the difference is negative; • 5. if they are equal, the difference is zero.

  5. Examples Subtraction  of ’0 ‘from any number yields that same number. E.g. 12 - o = 12 Ex. 1) 154 -112 = 42 2) 10567 - 18765 = - 8198 3) 1756 – 1756 = 0

  6. Multiplication • Multiplication is the second basic operation • of arithmetic. • 2. Multiplication also combines two numbers into • a single number, the product. • 3. The two original numbers are called the  • Multiplier and the multiplicand, sometimes both • simply called factors.

  7. Examples: 5 Χ 4 = 20 6 Χ 7 = 42 123 Χ 13= 1599 4325 Χ 31 =134075 12 Χ (-7) = -84 -37 Χ (-6) =222

  8. Division 1. Division is essentially the opposite of multipl- ication. 2. Division finds the quotient of two numbers, the dividend divided by the divisor. 3. Any dividend divided by zero is undefined. 4.For positive numbers, if the dividend is larger • than the divisor, the quotient is greater than • one, otherwise it is less than one (a similar rule applies for negative numbers). 5. The quotient multiplied by the divisor always yields the dividend.

  9. Examples: 8 ÷ 4 = 2 42 ÷ 7 = 6 126 ÷ 14 = 9 -4325 ÷ 25 = -173 588 ÷ (-7) = -84 -372÷ (-6) = 62

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