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Presented by: Brigadier Hester Adriana Paneras Institute for Security Studies

The challenges and success of the ASF – The case of the verification and validation of the forces. AFRICA'S SECURITY TRIAD. Presented by: Brigadier Hester Adriana Paneras Institute for Security Studies. GUIDING DOCUMENTS ASF ROADMAP III ASF VERIFICATION 2013 TO 2017 VERIFICATION FOCUS

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Presented by: Brigadier Hester Adriana Paneras Institute for Security Studies

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  1. The challenges and success of the ASF – The case of the verification and validation of the forces. AFRICA'S SECURITY TRIAD Presented by: Brigadier Hester Adriana Paneras Institute for Security Studies

  2. GUIDING DOCUMENTS ASF ROADMAP III ASF VERIFICATION 2013 TO 2017 VERIFICATION FOCUS PLEDGED CAPABILITIES REGIONAL PLANNING ELEMENTS DECISION MAKING AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS GENERAL OBSERVATIONS WAY FORWARD scope

  3. PSC Protocol (2002), Article 13 of the Protocol ASF Roadmaps with focus on III (2009) AU Policy Framework for the establishment of the ASF and the Military Staff Committee ASF Doctrine ASF Aide Mémoire Report of the Independent Panel of Experts on the Assessment of the ASF and Action Plan for Achieving Full Operational Capability, December 2013. African Peace and Security Architecture Roadmap 2016-2020 Master Roadmap for Silencing the Guns in Africa by 2020 (Master Roadmap) African Standby Force Strategic Work Plan (Maputo Work Plan) 2016-2020, ASF Table of Organization and Equipment GUIDING DOCUMENTS

  4. ASF Vision. Move from Military Brigade Focus to multi dimensional missions Integration of civilians, military and police at appropriate level Review of ASF Scenarios Six original scenarios to be reviewed (not aligned with Protocol) To reflect universal changes in peacekeeping doctrine. Recognise changes in the threats to continental peace and stability Should reflect the multi-dimensional aspects of conflict management Review of Policy Documents PSC – ASF Relationship to be clarified and understood Operational Concepts, including RDC to be harmonized between regions with military, police and civilian focus Comprehensive MOU between AU, RECs/RMs and MS on the use of the ASF for AU mandated missions to be finalized and adopted Should clarify the relationship between the AU, RECs/RMs and Member States. Without prejudice to the existing MOU on issues of peace and security. ASF Roadmap III

  5. Verification of asf • 2013 to 2017 • Report of Independent Panel of Expert’s assessment of the ASF (Gambari Report) in 2013 • AMANI Africa II Field Training Exercise (FTX) as validation of operational readiness. • Self-declarations of FOC by four out of five RECs/RMs • STCDSS 19th Ordinary meeting on 4 June 2016 declared FOC of ASF • 26th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, 30 to 31 January 2016, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia directed AUC to to verify pledged capabilities of ASF • Verification of Operational Readiness Status Team (VORST) appointed in 2017 – Prof Gambari and 3 Experts

  6. FOCUS • ASF pledged standby capabilities • PLANELM structure and capacity • Political decision-making, and legal agreements • Mission Support, Logistics and Funding Mechanisms

  7. Pledged capabilities • Various capabilities available and trained based on requirements • Rapid Deployment Capabilities ready • Rotation system in place between countries for availability within the Region • Command and other structures provided for at different levels • With exception of ECCAS – Command, Staff Officers and Observers with relevant skills sets have been rostered • Pledges are available in writing • Regular training programmes and exercises available and provided. • MILITARY

  8. Pledged capabilities • FPUs are pledged – AOC selection process not implemented • IPOs pledged except in ECCAS • Only numbers available • No names or profiles available • AMS process not implemented • No PPS (Command) pledged – problematic e.g. CAR • Police roster not in place • Training • Training Centres do not have Police personnel • Roster of Police Trainers only in 1/3 Regions • Training programmes and exercises for police is limited to not available • No clarity of whether police officers trained are part of pledged capability • Not included in planning for Maritime Security • Not clear understanding of police structures, roles and responsibilities • POLICE

  9. Pledged capabilities • Some civilians are rostered - needs more attention on some positions • Outreach also done to civil society • Problems experienced with accessing and registering on Continental Roster System • Roster System only in English • Not clear understanding of civilian mission structure in some Regions • Training and exercises for Civilians are limited • CIVILIANS

  10. Pledged capabilities • Mission support concept and procedures centred on military logistics • Not evident how human resource, logistical and administration needs and requirements for civilians and police is dealt with • Regional Logistic Depots in process of establishment • Funding is problematic • Start up equipment with support of Donors\ • Sustainability is questioned • Relationship between AU and Regional Depots still to be finalised • Airlift capabilities not clear in some Regions • Lack of communication equipment to link Regions with e regional peace support operations • Peace funds initiated in some Regions • APSA Support Programme • MISSION SUPPORT LOGISTICS AND FUNDING

  11. Structure does not reflect the realities of multidimensionality in peace support operations. Joint Chief of Staff/Head of Planning Element – Military Military component with a relatively fair capacity to plan, launch and sufficiently manage a mission Military officers experienced in Peace Operations Police Posts not filled Police officers in most instances no experience in Peace Operations - recruitment and secondment not based on merit and experience PLANELM structure and capacity

  12. Endorsed Police policy framework (draft) not available/applied Civilians small in number and not experienced in Peace Operations Police and Civilians not involved in higher level advisory and decision making processes Implications for police and civilian components with regards to coordination, prioritisation and funding allocation. Training needs assessment and plans military focussed Facilities for JOC available, but not functional PLANELM structure and capacity (Cont)

  13. Legal and policy frameworks have not been reviewed to cater for the civilian and police components Political decision-making structures are military heavy Chiefs of Defence involvement Expert Groups - Military Chiefs of Police/Civilian structures not involved Limited understanding of Police and Civilian roles Mechanism and Mandating Process for deployment Subsidiarity acknowledged Not automatic deployment if AU mandates – negative impact on RDC Specific MOU for deployment of Regional Pledged Capabilities not in place Deployment across Regions not clear Mechanism and Mandating Process for deployment Subsidiarity acknowledged Not automatic deployment if AU mandates – negative impact on RDC Specific MOU for deployment of Regional Pledged Capabilities not in place Rotation have not taken place from EASF to ECCAS Decision making and legal frameworks

  14. Various recommendation of 2013 Report of the Independent Panel of Experts not implemented ASF Roadmap III not implemented toward multidimensionality and new global threats Dual membership of different countries to Regions may lead to skewed picture Physical verification was done by PLANELMS in 2014 – No continued verification and monitoring mechanism in place. AU Policy on International Policing in PSOs and SOs endorsed by Chief of Police and STCDSS in 2015 – still no final approval. Protocol only refers to Military and Civilians GENERAL OBSERVATIONS

  15. Mechanisms and structures at AU military heavy – Civilian and Police aspects not sufficiently advocated Lack of Civilian and Police specific structures and capacity at PSOD – lack of ability to provide the necessary support to Police and Civilian Components in the RPLANELMS Police Strategic Support Group and Civilian Strategic Support Group established Unequal support to Regions – disparity in capacity Insufficient link between PSOs and ASF ASF became end in itself GENERAL OBSERVATIONS (cont)

  16. Finalise Verification and Validation process and submit Report Recognition of historical and structural imbalances in establishment of ASF Recommendations of 2013 and new Reports to be implemented Implementation of ASF Roadmap III Review of ASF Doctrine/Development of PSO Doctrine Clarification of roles and responsibilities between AU Structures and Regions Multidimensionality should be included at all levels: from political decision making to tactical level – Leadership development Protocol should be reviewed Stakeholders should consider requirements and realities WAY FORWARD

  17. AFRICA AGENDA 2063 – THE AFRICA WE WANT SILENCING THE GUNS BY 2020 IT IS ABOUT GOOD GOVERNANCE RENDERING SEVICES, RULE OF LAW, ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND SUSTAINABLE PEACE

  18. IF WHAT WE DO TODAY IS WHAT WE DID BEFORE THEN ALL WE’RE GONNA GET IS WHAT WE GOT BEFORE AND TODAY IS NOT BEFORE

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