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LANGUAGE

LANGUAGE. Chapter 6 Lecture Continued. What Are Languages, and What Role Do Languages Play in Culture?. Language : A set of sounds, combinations of sounds, and symbols used for communication Standard language : A language that is published, widely distributed, and purposefully taught

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LANGUAGE

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  1. LANGUAGE Chapter 6 Lecture Continued

  2. What Are Languages, and What Role Do Languages Play in Culture? • Language: A set of sounds, combinations of sounds, and symbols used for communication • Standard language: A language that is published, widely distributed, and purposefully taught • Role of government in standardizing a language

  3. Example: Gov’t-forced assimilation

  4. Example of Dialect

  5. Example: Dialect • African American Vernacular English (AAVE) • Aka “Ebonics” • Standard American English

  6. Non-English Speakers in the US

  7. Language and Politics

  8. The Internet: Globalization of Language

  9. Language Formation • Sound shifts, slight changes in a word across languages over time Milk = lacte in Latin leche in Spanish lait in French latta in Italian • Language divergence: Breakup of a language into dialects and then new languages from lack of interaction among speakers • Language convergence: When peoples with different languages have consistent interaction and their languages blend into one

  10. Historical Linkages among Languages • Proto-Indo-European • (proto = first; original)

  11. The Languages of Europe • Romance languages • French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese • Germanic languages • English, German, Danish, Swedish • Slavic languages • Russian, Polish, Czech

  12. The Case of Euskera Spoken by the Basque and in no way related to any other language family in Europe

  13. Languages of Subsaharan Africa • Dominant language family: Niger-Congo

  14. Nigeria

  15. How Do Languages Diffuse? • Human interaction • Print distribution • Migration • Trade • Rise of nation-states • Colonialism Elizabeth J. Leppman

  16. Effects of Spatial Interaction • Lingua franca: A language used among speakers of different languages for trade and commerce • Pidgin language: A language created when people combine parts of two or more languages into a simplified structure and vocabulary • Creole language: A pidgin language that has developed a more complex structure and vocabulary and has become the native language of a group of people • Haitian creole, Jamaican patois

  17. What Role Does Language Play in Making Places? • Place: The uniqueness of a location, what people do in a location, what they create, how they impart a certain character, a certain imprint on the location • Toponym: A place name • Imparts a certain character on a place • Reflects the social processes in a place • Can give a glimpse of the history of a place

  18. EXAMPLE • Town with the longest name in the world is in Wales (UK) • Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwlllla-ntysiliogogogoch • Translation:"Saint Mary's Church in the hollow of white hazel near a rapid whirlpool and the Church of Saint Tysilio near the red cave."

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