MINING INVESTMENT

1. MINING INVESTMENT BY: Asmera Balt Gen El Largo Karlo Chan

2. PROBLEM!! ^_^ A businessman would like to increase his earnings through mining. Learning about his interest in the field, three companies immediately came up with project proposals for three different mineral reserves. Company A proposed for manganese, Company B recommended phosphates; Company C envisioned a coal mining industry. However, the businessman, seeing the project to involve a huge amount of money, thought of hiring your expertise as a team mineral experts to help him decide where to invest.

3. TASKS Gen El as Geolgist A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth as well as the processes and history that has shaped it. Asmera Balt as Economist An economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. Tools are statistics, economic computational models,graphs and etc. Roland Chan as Industrialist A business magnate, sometimes referred to as a czar, mogul, tycoon, baron, oligarch, or industrialist, is an informal term used to refer to a person who has reached a prominent place in a particular industry (or set of industries) and whose wealth has been derived primarily there from.

4. MANGANESE Manganese is a chemical element. It is found as a free element in nature (often in combination with iron), and in many minerals. As a free element, manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. Manganese is a silvery-gray metal resembling iron. It is hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse, but easy to oxidize. Manganese metal and its common ionsare paramagnetic. Manganese phosphating is used as a treatment for rust and corrosion prevention on steel. Depending on their oxidation state, manganese ions have various colors and are used industrially as pigments. The permanganates of alkali and alkaline earth metals are powerful oxidizers. Manganese dioxide is used as the cathode (electron acceptor) material in standard and alkaline disposable dry cells and batteries.

5. Stastics of Manganese

6. Manganese poisoning can result to impaired motor skills and cognitive disorders Exposure to manganese can result to manganism (similar to Parkinsons’s disease), a form of neuro degeneration SOCIAL IMPACT

7. Treatment for rust and corrosion prevention on steel Used industrially as pigments Use as cathode (electron acceptor) material in standard and alkaline disposable dry cells and batteries Uses of Manganese

8. PHOSPHATES A phosphate, an inorganic chemical, is a salt of phosphoric acid. In organi chemistry, a phosphate, or organophosphate, is an ester of phosphoric acid. Organic phosphates are important in biochemistry and biogeochemistry or ecology. Inorganic phosphates are mined to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry. At elevated temperatures in the solid state, phosphates can condense to form pyrophosphates.

9. PHOSPHATE ROCK STATISTICS U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [All values are in metric tons (t) phosphate rock unless otherwise noted] 2007 and 2008

10. State of the art instrument and equipment a. Draglines b. power shovels c. large trucks d. bucket wheel excavators e. conveyors. 2. Highly skilled personnel Investment Area

11. Used in the production of fertilizer Phosphorous is used for root and flower development in all plants USES OF PHOSPHATES Environmental Impact 1. Its by product known as phosphogypsum is slightly radioactive.

12. COAL Coal is defined as a sedimentary rock composed predominantly of solid organic materials with a greater or lesser proportion of mineral matter. Worldwide, coal is a sought-after energy source. It has the largest reserve and is often the cheapest of the fuel options. Now that clean coal technologies are available, the demand for coal has remained steady despite the current stringent standard on environmental concerns. The Philippines is largely a coal consuming country with coal having the highest contribution to the power generation mix at 27% in 2005. But, local demand for coal is not limited to power generation. The cement industry utilized 20% of the country’s coal supply in 2005, 1 % went to other industries such as alcohol, sinter, rubber boots, paper and chemical manufacturing, fertilizer production and smelting process.

13. Coal is mined commercially in over 50 countries. Over 7,036 Mt/yr of hard coal is currently produced, a substantial increase over the past 25 years. Coal production has grown fastest in Asia, while Europe has declined. Global coal production is expected to reach 7,000 Mt/yr in 2030, with China accounting for most of this increase. Steam coal production is projected to reach around 5,200 Mt/yr; coking coal 620 Mt/yr; and brown coal 1,200 Mt/yr. PRODUCTION

14. Surface mining of coal completely eliminates existing vegetation Destroys the genetic soil profile Displaces or destroys wildlife and habitat Degrades air quality Alters current land uses To some extent permanently changes the general topography of the area mined The use of methane (a known greenhouse gas) which might be released in the air. Acid mine drainage which can seep into waterways and aquifers Environmental Impact

15. It is a dangerous activity with the following identified hazards: a.) mine wall failures b.) vehicle collisions c.) suffocation d.) gas poisoning e.) roof collapse f.) gas explosions g.) can cause chronic lung disease that shortens life expextancy SOCIAL IMPACT

16. OUR CHOICE! We choose Phosphates because it is eco-friendly. It is also very helpful to the people, organisms and to our MOTHER EARTH!!

17. THANKS FOR WATCHING!!!!