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Montesquieu

Ch. 10 Age of Enlightenment * Philosophe - intellectual of the Enlightenment (writers, professors, journalists, economists, social reformers from the nobility & middle class). Montesquieu. French noble The Spirit of the Laws (1748)- Three branches of government

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Montesquieu

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  1. Ch. 10Age of Enlightenment*Philosophe- intellectual of the Enlightenment (writers, professors, journalists, economists, social reformers from the nobility & middle class)

  2. Montesquieu • French noble • The Spirit of the Laws (1748)- • Three branches of government • Executive, legislative, judicial • Separation of powers • The 3 branches limit & control each other in a system of checks & balances

  3. Voltaire • French, middle-class • Religious views: • Critical of Christianity • Supported idea of deism- • God (the clockmaker) had created the universe , set it in motion, and allowed it to run without His interference, according to its own natural laws • Strong belief in religious toleration • “all men are brothers under God” (Treatise on Toleration)

  4. Don’t forget • Dress up in GREEN tomorrow! • BRING IN CANNED GOODS!

  5. Adam Smith • 1776- The Wealth of Nations • Laissez faire- “to let do” (hands-off govt.) • The state should not interfere in economic matters. Govt. should only have 3 basic roles • Protecting society from invasion (army) • Defending citizens from injustice (police) • Keeping up public works (roads, canals) that private individuals couldn’t afford

  6. Beccaria • On Crimes and Punishments • Argued that punishments should not be cruel and unusual • Opposed capital punishment • “Is it not absurd, that the laws, which punish murder, should, in order to prevent murder, publicly commit murder themselves?”

  7. CSWK/HMWK • Do not have to write the questions. • p.307-- #4, 5, 7, 8 • p. 324-- #8, 10, 13, 18, 19

  8. Don’t Forget! • DRESS-UP for WACKY TACKY DAY tomorrow! (within dress code as best as you can!) • Bring in CANNED FOOD! Take to Mrs. Yancey/Moore’s classroom. • Bring MONEY for chain-links! • SIGN UP for Class Olympic events- make sure you get the best among you to enter! Greater chance to win! • HAVE A GOOD ATTITUDE WITH HOMECOMING, SUPPORT OUR TEAM, AND HAVE FUN! 

  9. Enlightened Rulerruler who tried to govern by Enlightenment principles (freedoms, rights, toleration, reform) while maintaining their royal powers • Frederick the Great (Prussia)- abolished use of torture, granted limited freedom of speech & press, religious toleration • Joseph II (Austria)- abolished serfdom, eliminated the death penalty, established principle of equality, religious toleration (though most of these reforms failed) Frederick the Great Joseph II

  10. The Arts- Literature • Diderot • Created The Encyclopedia- 28 volume collection of the sciences, art, and trades • Helped spread the ideas of the Enlightenment

  11. The Arts- Art style • Rococo • used by the 1730s • Emphasized grace, charm, & gentle action • Highly secular (not a lot of religious themes) Chardin Fragonard

  12. The Arts- Music • Baroque Style- grand, ornate • Bach (organist, composer) • Handel (religious music) • Classical Style- simpler • Mozart (child prodigy) • Haydn (musical director for wealthy Hungarian princes)

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