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THE HEART

THE HEART. THE HUMAN HEART. Acts as a pump Is made of muscle (called cardiac muscle) Beats about 70 times a minute Is surrounded by a tough membrane called the pericardium Is divided into 4 chambers. CHAMBERS OF THE HEART. Atria Two upper heart chambers

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THE HEART

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  1. THE HEART

  2. THE HUMAN HEART • Acts as a pump • Is made of muscle (called cardiac muscle) • Beats about 70 times a minute • Is surrounded by a tough membrane called the pericardium • Is divided into 4 chambers

  3. CHAMBERS OF THE HEART • Atria • Two upper heart chambers • Receive blood from veins as it returns to the heart • Pacemaker : area of right atrium that regulates heartbeat

  4. CHAMBERS OF THE HEART • Ventricles • 2 lower heart chambers • Pump blood to arteries ,away from the heart

  5. Heart Structure • Septum – separates the right and left side of the heart to prevent the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

  6. HEART STRUCTURE • Valves: the heart has valves to prevent the backflow of blood

  7. HEART STRUCTURE • Pulmonary artery- carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs • Pulmonary vein – carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart

  8. HEART STRUCTURE • Aorta – carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all parts of the body

  9. WARNING! • The next slide is a little gory!!!

  10. HEART STRUCTURE • Superior Vena Cava- carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart from upper body • Inferior vena cava – carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart

  11. HEART STRUCTURE • Coronary arteries- supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood

  12. HEARTBEAT CYCLE sequence of heart action • Diastole- period of relaxation, atria and ventricles fill with blood • Systole- period of active contraction

  13. BLOOD PRESSURE • Is the force exerted by blood on artery walls • Systolic pressure -force in arteries when ventricles contract • Diastolic pressure-force in arteries when ventricles are filling • Normal blood pressure is 120/80

  14. HEART SOUNDS • “Lub-Dub” • Lub – shutting of valves as ventricles contract (valves to atria) • Dub- shutting of valves as ventricles relax (valves to lungs and aorta)

  15. Malfunctions • Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)- condition of increased arterial pressure throughout heartbeat cycle, may be caused by stress, diet, smoking, etc. • Atherosclerosis (Hardening of the Arteries)- narrowing of arteries due to deposits of fatty materials such as cholesterol and along the vessel walls. Less blood (less oxygen) is able to travel through the smaller openings

  16. Malfunctions • Heart Attack (Myocardial infarction)- Damage to heart muscle caused by lack of blood flow (oxygen) due to total blockage of a coronary artery

  17. Malfunctions • Anemia- blood disorder characterized by decreased amount of RBC or hemoglobin or iron deficiency resulting in a decreased ability to transport oxygen • Leukemia- cancer which causes an increased production of nonfunctional white blood cells

  18. Malfunctions • Sickle Cell Anemia- Genetic disorder causing production of misshapen RBC, sickle-shaped cells carry less oxygen and clump in capillaries • Hemophilia- genetic disorder which results in the blood’s inability to properly clot due to missing clotting factors

  19. Angina- pain radiating from chest into the shoulder and arm and is caused by reduced blood supply to heart muscle

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