Chrysophyta and Phaeophyta

1. Chrysophyta and Phaeophyta Jillian Broskey and Rebekah Teller

2. Chrysophyta Common Name: Golden or Golden brown Algae

5. Chrysophyta Cellular and Structural Organization and Composition: • Kingdom {Protista} ----- formerly classified as plants • Cell Walls are composed of cellulose with large quantities of Silica • **few species have no cell walls • Such as Ameboid • One or two flagella that can be dissimilar or similar. • Most are multicellular, but some may be unicellular single units • Ex: diatoms aka Miss L’s Favorite 

7. Diatom: any of numerous microscopic, unicellular, marine or freshwater algae of the Phylum Chrysophyta, having cell walls containing silica.

8. Chrysophyta Pigments: • Contain photosynthetic pigments • Chlorophyll a and c {green}…not as prominent as others, so not going to appear green. • But mostly the carotenoid pigment fucoxanthin that is yellow-green

9. Chrysophyta Reproduction: • Diatoms: Asexual reproduction separates shell halves • Each half produces new shell within old one - become smaller with each division • Have gametic meiosis - cells are diploid and produce sperm or eggs by meiosis

10. Chrysophyta Roles in nature, industry, and health: • Diatoms and golden-brown algae are hugely important components of Plankton • Plankton and nanoplankton form the foundation of the marine food chain • Diatomaceous earth for pools

11. Phaeophyta Common Name: • Kelps and Brown Algae

12. Phaeophyta Cellular and Structural Organization and Composition: • Kingdom {Protista} • All cells considered multicellular, no known unicellular • Cell Wall consists of 2 Layers ---- • Inner layer: made of cellulose and used for strength • Outer layer: mainly made of algin, so its gummy when wet and hard and brittle when dry.

13. Phaeophyta Specialized Structures: • Whatever the form, the body of all brown algae is called thallus: meaning that it lacks he complex components of ordinary plants • Specialized structures: • Holdfast: a root like system in plants that serves to hold the algae to where it grows. • Stipe: a stalk or stem like structure that grows near the base of the algae that carries nutrients to the other parents of the plant --- the center of the stipe are filled with gases that serve to keep the algae buoyant. • Blade/Lamina: the flattened portion of the algae that resembles a leaf that has no designated purpose besides for more assistance in buoyancy and attachment to substrates. • Pneumatocysts: provide even more buoyancy and are present near the blades so they have more access to receive light for photosynthesis.

15. Phaeophyta Pigment: • Chlorophylic and Fucoxanthin • Chylorophyll A beta: Carotene and other xanthophyils • First, members of the group possess a characteristic color that ranges from an olive green to various shades of brown • The shade of green depends on the amount of fucoxanthin in the algae

16. Phaeophyta Reproduction: • Evidence of sex chromosomes in certain species of Phaeophyta. • There is a union of gametes in water in other species who do not participate in a differing way of meiosis • Laminaria specifically have alternating haploid and diploid generation. • Photosynthetic in attaining food.

18. Phaeophyta Roles in nature, industry, and health: • Derivatives used in toothpastes, soaps, ice creams, fabric printing • In some places it can be used as fertilizer

19. Protists song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cttqYJp2fos 1:52