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Key-Note Address by

Key-Note Address by. AHMED FARAHAT Chief, Sectoral Issues & Policies Division ECONOMIC & SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (UN-ESCWA) URBAN TRANSPORT 98 Dubai, 21-24 June 1998. THE IMPORTANCE OF AN INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN FAST-GROWING ARAB ECONOMIES. TWO QUESTIONS.

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Key-Note Address by

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  1. Key-Note Addressby AHMED FARAHAT Chief, Sectoral Issues & Policies Division ECONOMIC & SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (UN-ESCWA) URBAN TRANSPORT 98 Dubai, 21-24 June 1998

  2. THE IMPORTANCE OF AN INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN FAST-GROWING ARAB ECONOMIES

  3. TWO QUESTIONS 1. WHY an integrated urban transport infrastructure is so important for growing economies particularly in Arab Mashrek region? 2. WHAT are the main policy guidelines for an integrated contribution of infrastructure in the development of an urban transport system?

  4. THE ANSWER TO THE WHY QUESTION COULD BE REACHED IF WE: 1. Define the role of UT 2. Outline its socio-economic implications 3. Highlight the infrastructure problem for fast growing economies

  5. 1. ROLE OF URBAN TRANSPORT To make urban functions accessible to the wide urban population

  6. 2. IMPLICATIONS OF URBAN TRANSPORT: Implications for: * The economy * Congestion * Safety * Environment

  7. 2. IMPLICATIONS OF URBAN TRANSPORT: Implications for the economy: - Prerequisite for development - GDP - Household expenditure - Road users cost

  8. 2. IMPLICATIONS OF URBAN TRANSPORT: Implications for congestion: - Perennial problem - Manilla - Bangkok

  9. 2. IMPLICATIONS OF URBAN TRANSPORT: Implications for safety: - Economic loss and social grief - 3 million injuries in USA yearly

  10. 2. IMPLICATIONS OF URBAN TRANSPORT: Implications for environment: - CO2 emissions - Ozon levels - Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol

  11. 3. INFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEM For fast growing economies: * Traffic demand increases at much higher rates than per capita income * Building new infrastructure is enormously expensive

  12. DEMAND INCREASE Increase between 1960 & 1990 American citizen: * Income doubled * Annual distance traveled doubled Chinese citizen: * Income tripled * Annual distance traveled 10-fold

  13. INFRASTRUCTURAL COST * Cairo underground costs so far $ 3.3 billion * 11 km tunnel stretch in Boston $ 8 billion With such costs involved, existing infrastructure must be used efficiently in an integrated way before embarking on new investments.

  14. FOR THESE REASONS THERE ARE TWO APPROACHES TO THE UT PROBLEM: 1. Management intensive low-cost improvements of existing infrastructure (soft measures) 2. Capital intensive capacity additions to infrastructure (hard measures)

  15. THE ANSWER TO THE WHAT QUESTION COULD BE REACHED BY IDENTIFYING: The main policy guidelines of an integrated Urban Transport infrastructure

  16. INTEGRATED UT INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY GUIDE-LINES Objectives To seek a coherent set of consistent policies that ensures adequacy and efficiency of UT system both public and private by making use of high occupancy vehicles and reducing the need for new infrastructure. Special attention is given throughout to low income groups.

  17. INTEGRATED UT INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY GUIDE-LINES 1. Integration & coordination with Comprehensive urban planning - Total system concept

  18. INTEGRATED UT INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY GUIDE-LINES (2) Institutional considerations - Geographical characteristics of urban areas in the Gulf - Responsibilities of municipalities vs. other agencies

  19. INTEGRATED UT INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY GUIDE-LINES (3) Preservation of available infrastructure - The road deterioration problem - Effect of axle loads - Maintenance policies

  20. INTEGRATED UT INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY GUIDE-LINES (4) Impact of globalization - from import substitution to export promotion - Poor port infrstructure adversely affect profit margin of exports.

  21. INTEGRATED UT INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY GUIDE-LINES (5) Privatization trend - ERSAP Programmes - Impact of State’s budget - Role of the governments

  22. INTEGRATED UT INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY GUIDE-LINES (6) Pricing Policies - User charges vs. investment promotion - Taxation

  23. INTEGRATED UT INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY GUIDE-LINES (7) Mass Transit - Ownership vs. management - Service standards - Performance indicators

  24. FUTURE OUTLOOK * Mathematical models and simulation * Automated highways

  25. THE ROAD AHEAD The starting point is HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT. The human is the target as well as the vehicle of any development.

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