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AAE 450 Senior Design Formal Presentation roger.ecn.purdue/~aae450

AAE 450 Senior Design Formal Presentation http://roger.ecn.purdue.edu/~aae450. Mission Parameters. Routine transport Minimize propellant Achieve 99% reliability Replace 10% of cycler mass every 2 1 / 7 years Assumptions: Established system Colony on Mars Martian water plentiful.

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AAE 450 Senior Design Formal Presentation roger.ecn.purdue/~aae450

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  1. AAE 450 Senior Design Formal Presentation http://roger.ecn.purdue.edu/~aae450 AAE 450: Laurel Brown, Project Manager; Eric Briggs, Assistant Project Manager

  2. Mission Parameters • Routine transport • Minimize propellant • Achieve 99% reliability • Replace 10% of cycler mass every 2 1/7 years Assumptions: Established system Colony on Mars Martian water plentiful AAE 450: Project Management: Laurel Brown, Eric Briggs

  3. The Team AAE 450: Project Management: Laurel Brown, Eric Briggs

  4. In the Year 2035… Cycler (4) Cargo vehicle (4/synodic period) Tanker (4) Taxi (2) Planets not to scale Vehicle Images: Jonah Skoog AAE 450: Project Management: Laurel Brown, Eric Briggs

  5. E4 M5 Example of Ballistic Cycler Orbit • Orbit period : 4 2/7 yrs or 2 synodic periods • Time to repeat inertially: 30 yrs Sun AAE 450: Project Management: Laurel Brown, Eric Briggs

  6. Following Our Crew on Their Journey AAE 450: Project Management: Laurel Brown, Eric Briggs

  7. Nuclear Thermal Rockets - 4 • Liquid Engines - 1 • Nuclear Thermal Rockets - 6 • Liquid Engines - 2 AAE 450 – 4/22/03, Propulsion Group Geoffrey Osier: J. Gedmark, M. Kuipers, S. Lee, J. Sherrick, E. Vaughan AAE 450: Laurel Brown, Project Manager; Eric Briggs, Assistant Project Manager 1

  8. SSME Credit: Boeing / Rocketdyne AAE 450 – 4/22/03, Propulsion Group Geoffrey Osier: J. Gedmark, M. Kuipers, S. Lee, J. Sherrick, E. Vaughan AAE 450: Laurel Brown, Project Manager; Eric Briggs, Assistant Project Manager 2

  9. AAE 450 – 4/22/03, Propulsion Group Geoffrey Osier: J. Gedmark, M. Kuipers, S. Lee, J. Sherrick, E. Vaughan AAE 450: Laurel Brown, Project Manager; Eric Briggs, Assistant Project Manager 3

  10. Taxi Vehicle Crew Capsule Engines and Propellant 23.3m 14m AAE 450: Structures: David Page, Vicki Hoyle, Jonah Skoog, Jason Gromski

  11. Cargo Vehicle 31.7 m Cargo payload 10.6 m Water 0.8 m Docking port 3 m Engines and propellant 20 m 14 m AAE 450: Structures: David Page, Vicki Hoyle, Jonah Skoog, Jason Gromski

  12. Tanker Taxi + Cargo Courtesy of: Jonah Skoog Courtesy of: Jonah Skoog Rendezvous in LEO • Step 1: Cargo vehicle launches • Step 2: Taxi launches and docks with cargo • Step 3: Taxi-cargo system docks with tanker AAE 450: Dynamics & Controls: Gina Pieri, B. Eichel, J. Hidayat, R. Kacvinsky, A. Murphy, A. Rist

  13. Courtesy of: Jonah Skoog The Tanker System • Fact: less propellant required to launch off Mars than off Earth • Assumption: water available on Mars • Tanker reduces total propellant by 36% AAE 450: Dynamics & Controls: Gina Pieri, B. Eichel, J. Hidayat, R. Kacvinsky, A. Murphy, A. Rist

  14. More Dynamics and Control Issues Attitude control Model vehicle motion Disturbance torques Courtesy of: Boo-Ki Scientific Co. Hardware selection AAE 450: Dynamics & Controls: Gina Pieri, B. Eichel, J. Hidayat, R. Kacvinsky, A. Murphy, A. Rist

  15. Taxi Flight Deck ARR Power • “Work Area” • Vital components • Control Center for the Taxi • Multi-Purpose • Collapsible chairs • Exercise equipment Water Flight Controls AAE 450: Human Factors: James Pinyerd, Wes Dafler, Robin Pinson,Mike Sufana

  16. Taxi Mid-Deck WCS Health • “Living Quarters” • Personal/Hygiene • Social atmosphere • Airlock • Ability to fix problems • Sense of safety for crew Wardroom Airlock AAE 450: Human Factors: James Pinyerd, Wes Dafler, Robin Pinson,Mike Sufana

  17. Cargo Cycler S-Band S-Band S-Band Taxi Ka-Band Canberra Complex, Australia X-Band Ka-Band Tanker 11-meter 34-meter http://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/dsn/gallery/canberra4.html Communications Links Deep Space Network (DSN) Deep Space Network (DSN) AAE 450: Communications: Andrew Myer, Valerie Kost, Samantha Martinez

  18. Cargo S-Band S-Band Taxi X-Band http://eo1.gsfc.nasa.gov/Technology/xpaa.htm Ka-Band Tanker 11-meter http://www.allentele.com/newsrm/prodnews/iwce0222898.html 34-meter Deep Space Network (DSN) Secondary and Support Vehicle Communications AAE 450: Communications: Andrew Myer, Valerie Kost, Samantha Martinez

  19. Rendezvous of Taxi with Cycler • Injection of taxi-cargo vehicle onto hyperbolic transfer orbit • Rendezvous in 1.3 days • Abort options *Vehicle illustrations courtesy of Jonah Skoog AAE 450: Dynamics & Control: Brenda Eichel, J. Hidayat, R. Kacvinsky, A. Murphy, G. Pieri, A. Rist

  20. Docking Maneuvers *Illustrations courtesy of Jonah Skoog AAE 450: Dynamics & Control: Brenda Eichel, J. Hidayat, R. Kacvinsky, A. Murphy, G. Pieri, A. Rist

  21. Break #1 BREAK #1

  22. Cycler System Layout Ion Thruster Junction Node Large Hab. Module Radiators Docking Hub Passage Tube Passage Truss Small Hab. Module Docking Passage Nuclear Reactor De-spin Thruster Comm Dish Solar Panels AAE 450: Structures: Jonah Skoog, Vicki Hoyle, David Page, Jason Gromski

  23. Cycler – Module Layering & Truss Size Large Element Radius – 7 cm Small Element Radius – 5 cm Passageway Radius – 1 m Passage Wall Thickness – 7.8 cm AAE 450: Structures: Jonah Skoog, Vicki Hoyle, David Page, Jason Gromski

  24. Cycler - Structural Weight Total Structure Mass 142,420 kg 37 % of Cycler Mass Radiation Shielding 155,660 kg Miscellaneous Structure 17,580 kg Docking Bay 19,250 kg Support Structure 105,590 kg Total Volume 2,790 m3 AAE 450: Structures: Jonah Skoog, Vicki Hoyle, David Page, Jason Gromski

  25. Bottom Section – Exercise Module 4.9 m x 4.6 m x 2.3 m (16 ft x 15 ft x 7.5 ft) Bottom Section – Electronics Bay / Back-up Command 7.3m x 4.6m x 2.3m (24ft x 15ft x 7.5ft) Bottom Section – Hydroponics Bay 7.3m x 4.6m x 2.3m (24ft x 15ft x 7.5ft) Top Section – Kitchen / Entertainment 7.3m x 4.6m x 2.3m (24ft x 15ft x 7.5ft) Top and Bottom Sections – Crew Quarters 7.3m x 4.6m x 2.3m (24ft x 15ft x 7.5ft) Top Section – Central Command 7.3m x 4.6m x 2.3m (24ft x 15ft x 7.5ft) Top Section – Medical 4.9m x 4.6m x 2.4m (16ft x 15ft x 7.5ft) Computers & Wiring Stairs Down Desk Stairs Up XL Full Bed Fire / O2 Life Support Trajectory Control EVA Bookshelves Dresser / Per. Storage Storage Water Tank Closet Sliding Door Vertical Map Chart Water Processor Assembly Access Panel to Crew Quarters Waste Collector Subsystem All Workstations - 1.829 m x 0.762 m (6.0 ft x 1.5 ft) Circular Shower Access Panel to Above Room Communications Power Bathroom Main Frame Computers & Wiring Internal Layouts • Central Meeting Area • Galley and Food Preparation • Relaxed Environment for Reading / Games / Movies • Cardiovascular and Strength Training Equipment • Virtual Reality Equipment • Arts and Craft Supplies • 1000 kg of Medical Consumables • Emergency Room Bed / Equipment • Refrigerator for Crew Samples • Growing Bay for 60% of Crew’s Food • Morale Booster • Back-up Computer Consoles • Training Simulations • Electronics and Hardware for Repairs AAE 450: Human Factors: Wes Dafler, James Pinyerd, Robin Pinson,Mike Sufana

  26. Food & Water 3 1 60% Hydroponics 2 Daily Water Needs Hydroponics: 66.0 kg / day Crew Rations: 4.1 kg / person / day Hygiene / Appliances: 92.8 kg / day 40% Dehydrated Rations Daily Food Requirements 2.3 kg / person / day Total Food Mass: 9120 kg Total Water Mass: 33610 kg • 1.http://www.pansophist.com/epbts5.htm 2.http://spacelink.nasa.gov/Instructional.Materials/NASA.Educational.Products/Space.Food.and.Nutrition/station.html • 3. http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast13nov_1.htm AAE 450: Human Factors: Wes Dafler, James Pinyerd, Robin Pinson,Mike Sufana

  27. H2 Tanks Atmosphere Regulation 2BMS Sabatier Dehumidifier and filters Electrolysis O2 and N2 Tanks AAE 450: Human Factors: Wes Dafler, James Pinyerd, Robin Pinson,Mike Sufana

  28. Cycler Propulsion System Concept • Propulsion system corrects orbit and attitude errors, perturbations • Ion propulsion has: • High performance • Long lifetimes • Good reliability • Distribution allows thrusting at center of mass • Design of thrusters allows precise attitude and trajectory control AAE 450: Propulsion: John Gedmark, Mark Kuipers, Joe Sherrick, See-Chen Lee, Emily Vaughan, Geoffrey Osier

  29. 1.3 m 0.3 m Xenon-Ion Thruster Design • For each thruster: • 0.162 N Thrust • 170 kg Propellant • 5.38 kW Power • 6080 s Isp • Successfully flown on Deep Space One mission • Xenon is an inert gas • Minimal interactions • Safe http://nmp.jpl.nasa.gov/ds1/ AAE 450: Propulsion: John Gedmark, Mark Kuipers, Joe Sherrick, See-Chen Lee, Emily Vaughan, Geoffrey Osier

  30. Primary Power Source - Heatpipe Power System • Safe Affordable Fission Engine (SAFE) • Thermal energy to electrical energy through conduction • Reliability: 99.97% per synodic period • Power Needed: 119.5 kW • Power Provided: 132 kW Courtesy of Jonah Skoog Courtesy of Poston, Kapernick, and Guffee AAE 450: Power: Alex Bohnert, Daniel Chakraborty, Cristina Gordon, Yen Ching Yu

  31. Back Up Power Source - Solar Cells • Why Solar Cells? • Reliable • High Power-to-Mass Ratio • No Consumables • How Do They Work? • Convert sun’s photons into electricity • Where Are They? • On side of habitats that always • faces the sun. • Reliability • 98.8% (15 failures in 1274 missions) • Back-up Power Needed: 95 kW • Minimum Power Provided: 96.7 kW www.clipart.com Courtesy of Jonah Skoog AAE 450: Power: Alex Bohnert, Daniel Chakraborty, Cristina Gordon, Yen Ching Yu

  32. QExcess TCS QExcess Thermal Control • The problem of heat production CYCLER QSUN QLoss QElectronics QPeople QNUKE QThrusters AAE 450: Thermal Control Group: Brandon Owens, Kevin Miller, Eric Briggs, and Chris Dennis

  33. Cycler Thermal Control System • Heat capture, transportation, and expulsion system TCS Cycler Interior Cycler Exterior Water Ammonia AAE 450: Thermal Control Group: Brandon Owens, Kevin Miller, Eric Briggs, and Chris Dennis

  34. Internal Thermal Control Loop IPA C/P’s and Local HX’s IFHX CAHX Air out Air in AAE 450: Thermal Control Group: Brandon Owens, Kevin Miller, Eric Briggs, and Chris Dennis

  35. External Thermal Control Loop Water in Water out T1 T2 IFHX ExVA CPA Radiators Tex AAE 450: Thermal Control Group: Brandon Owens, Kevin Miller, Eric Briggs, and Chris Dennis

  36. http://www.aerial.fi/aerial-wlan.pdf 34-meter Deep Space Network (DSN) Cycler Communications Cycler Taxi/Cargo S-Band Ka-Band AAE 450: Communications: Andrew Myer, Valerie Kost, Samantha Martinez

  37. Approach • Target Periapsis Altitude • Capture Window • Mars: 0–35 km • Earth: 50-75 km • Direct Entry to Landing • Short Time of Flight • Atmospheric Model Assumptions AAE 450: Aerodynamics: James Watson, Ravi Mathur, Matt Adkins

  38. Capture and Entry • Capture Density • Dynamic Pressure • Controller • Angle of Attack, α • Maximum Lift • Bank Angle, β • Lift Vector Control L/D = 0.36 AAE 450: Aerodynamics: James Watson, Ravi Mathur, Matt Adkins

  39. Descent and Landing • Parachute Deployment • Altitude 10 km • Engine Burn • Mars Descent • Landing Velocity • <10 m/s AAE 450: Aerodynamics: James Watson, Ravi Mathur, Matt Adkins

  40. Break #2 BREAK #2

  41. Taxi Reentry Heating Leeward Side Stagnation Point • Significant heat load • Aerodynamic heating Airflow • Heat loads are largest at earth. At stagnation point: • Peak heat load is around 1.8 MW/m2 • Flux of 1 MW/m2 for around 100 s Nose • We need some way of • Absorbing and reflecting away • This heat!!!! Windward Side AAE 450: Thermal Control: Chris Dennis, Kevin Miller, Brandon Owens, Eric Briggs

  42. Taxi Heat Shield Advanced Flexible Reusable Surface Insulation (10 mm thick thermal blanket) 6 mm thick Al2O3 Nosecone (very high temperature material) Ceramic Tiles (thickness = 10-150 mm) (low density, high performance material) Borosilicate Glass Coating AAE 450: Thermal Control: Chris Dennis, Kevin Miller, Brandon Owens, Eric Briggs

  43. Resulting Temperatures AAE 450: Thermal Control: Chris Dennis, Kevin Miller, Brandon Owens, Eric Briggs

  44. Mars Landing and Mars Launch Mars Launch • 13,000 m/s Total ΔV • 250,500 kg GLOM http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2003/04/04/limb/E23-00100_limb.jpg http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/volcanoes/PIA01476.html Mars Landing • 98 m/s Final ΔV Drop • 60 s Hover Time AAE 450: Propulsion: Mark Kuipers, John Gedmark, See-Chen Lee, Geoffrey Osier, Joe Sherrick, Emily Vaughan

  45. Nuclear Thermal Rocket Engine • 1,060 s Isp • 893,430 N Thrust • Liquid H2 Propellant • 5 rem Radiation Dose AAE 450: Propulsion: Mark Kuipers, John Gedmark, See-Chen Lee, Geoffrey Osier, Joe Sherrick, Emily Vaughan

  46. Launch Safety 3. Coast, Reentry, Parachute Deployment 2. Crew Module Separation Contingency Plan 4. Rocket-Assisted Parachute Landing On Mars 1. NTR Engine Shutdown AAE 450: Propulsion: Mark Kuipers, John Gedmark, See-Chen Lee, Geoffrey Osier, Joe Sherrick, Emily Vaughan

  47. Earth Landing • Crew Module Separation • Reentry and Parachute Landing http://community.webshots.com/photo/5010835/7958663jCdUNLEMZQ AAE 450: Propulsion: Mark Kuipers, John Gedmark, See-Chen Lee, Geoffrey Osier, Joe Sherrick, Emily Vaughan

  48. In the Year 2035… Cycler (4) Cargo vehicle (4/synodic period) Tanker (4) Taxi (2) Planets not to scale Vehicle Images: Jonah Skoog AAE 450: Project Management: Laurel Brown, Eric Briggs

  49. Propellant is analogue for maintenance cost. Major decisions affecting propellant Use of tanker 4-cycler system Success rate per synodic period: 99% Major contributors to risk Chemical boosters Vehicle rendezvous Aerocapture and aerobraking Mars Earth Objects weigh 62% less on Mars. Propellant and Risk AAE 450: Project Management: Eric Briggs, Laurel Brown

  50. Back Home AgainThank You for Attending Laurel Brown Eric Briggs Brenda Eichel Jimmy Hidayat Rebbecca Kacvinsky Aaron Murphy Gina Pieri Amber Rist Alex Bohnert Daniel Chakraborty Cristina Gordon Yen Ching Yu John Gedmark Mark Kuipers See-Chen Lee Geoffrey Osier Joe Sherrick Emily Vaughan Matt Adkins Ravi Mathur James Watson Valerie Kost Samantha Martinez Andrew Myer Wes Dafler Robin Pinson James Pinyerd Mike Sufana Chris Dennis Kevin Miller Brandon Owens Jason Gromski Vicki Hoyle David Page Jonah Skoog http://www.cruiseweb.com/HAL-KW-BEACH-PHOTOS.HTM AAE 450: Project Management: Eric Briggs, Laurel Brown

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