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Biomedical Therapies for Psychological Illnesses

Explore treatment of psychological illnesses using medication and medical interventions like psychotropic drugs, psychosurgery, and electroconvulsive therapy. Learn about antipsychotic, antianxiety, antidepressant, and mood-stabilizing drugs.

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Biomedical Therapies for Psychological Illnesses

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  1. TreatmentBiomedical Module 73

  2. Biomedical Therapy • Treatment of psychological illnesses through the use of medication and other medical treatments • Psychotropic medications • Psychosurgery • Electroconvulsive therapy (ect)

  3. Psychopharmacotherapy • Four major classifications • Antipsychotic drugs • Antianxiety drugs • Antidepressant drugs • Mood-stabilizing drugs • video

  4. Antipsychotic drugs • neuroleptics • Psychoses • Disorders in which hallucinations or delusions indicate some loss of contact with reality • Thorazine • First – 1950s – schizophrenia • Medicine helps • Effective for lessening hallucinations and delusions

  5. Antipsychotic drugs • Excess of dopamine cause of schizophrenia – block dopamine receptors • Thorazine, haldol, clozaril • Side Effects • Tardive dyskinesia • Issues with walking, drooling and muscle spasms

  6. Antianxiety drugs • Axiolytics • Help decrease anxiety and tension • Low levels of gaba

  7. Antianxiety drugs • Two main types • Babituates • Sedatives – anxiety and sleep-wake disorders • Rarely used today – highly addictive • High risk of accidental overdose and dangerous withdrawal • Benzodiazepines • Used to assist as sleep aid, tension reducer or muscle relaxant • Librium, Valium, xanax • Safer – tolerance and withdrawal issues

  8. Antidepressants • Most commonly used drug in clinical practice • Treat depression and anxiety • Three main types • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (maois) • Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) • Prozac, paxil, zoloft • Most popular milder side effects

  9. Mood stabilizers • Used to balance extremes of emotion that are experienced by someone with bipolar disorder • Lithium • Helps with the mania • Anticonvulsant mood stabilizers • Fewer side effects and are less toxic

  10. Psychosurgery • Most drastic form • Surgical removal or destruction of particular areas of the brain • Prefrontal lobotomies • NOT REALLY USED ANYMORE • Lobotomy film

  11. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) • 1940 • ECT USED TO CAUSE CONVULSIONS (BRAIN SEIZURES) • TODAY – UNDER MUSCLE RELAXTANT AND ANESTHESIA

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