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Development challenges in Afghanistan & UNDP’s role

Development challenges in Afghanistan & UNDP’s role. University of Wisconsin at Madison July 1, 2011. Key Indicators of Afghanistan. Human Development Index and its Components: In 2010 Afghanistan’s Human Development Index (HDI)

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Development challenges in Afghanistan & UNDP’s role

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  1. Development challenges in Afghanistan &UNDP’s role University of Wisconsin at Madison July 1, 2011

  2. Key Indicators of Afghanistan Human Development Index and its Components: In 2010 Afghanistan’s Human Development Index (HDI) ranked 155 among 169 countries in the world (lowest in Asia) Life Expectancy: 44.6 years (7th lowest among 194 countries & lowest in Asia) {as compared to US – 78.3} Mean vs. Expected Years of Schooling: 3.3 vs. 8 years GNI per capita $ 1419 in 2008 (PPP) {as compared to US-$ 33,070} Source: 2010 Human Development Report & UN statistics

  3. MDGs in Afghanistan- measurement severely constrained by lack of data Poverty and hunger 20-40% of Afghans need varying levels of food assistance at different times of the year Education No data available for net enrolment School attendance rate was 54% or 2.3 million students in 2003 (proxy indicator) -old data Overall primary completion rate is estimated as 45%, for boys 56% and for girls 30%.

  4. MDGs in Afghanistan- measurement severely constrained by lack of data Gender equality and empower women • Women are allocated high percentage (25.9%) of seats in national parliament (27% women MPs in 2010 elections) • Poorly represented at sub-national level and in local governance bodies • Lowest percentage of female literacy amongst neighboring countries, landlocked Asian and post conflict countries (5.8 as compared to 34 for males – secondary education & 25 & older)

  5. MDGs in Afghanistan- measurement severely constrained by lack of data Child mortality Infant and under-five mortality rates among the highest in the world (165 & 257 per 1000 live births) {as compared to 7 & 8 in US} Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) and the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) targeted to reduce by 50% of the 2003 levels by 2015 and by two-third by 2020.

  6. MDGs in Afghanistan- measurement severely constrained by lack of data Maternal health • Maternal mortality ratio (MMR): 1600 deaths per 100,000 live births, equal only to the most poor, conflict-affected countries in the world {as compared to 8 per 100,000 in US) • Highest MMR in remote and under-served provinces such as Ghor, Daikundi and Ragh district of Badakhshan province

  7. MDGs in Afghanistan- measurement severely constrained by lack of data HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases • potentially high-risk for the spread of HIV/AIDS • Malaria is prevalent in over 60% of the country with 13 million more people at risk

  8. Major Programmes in Afghanistan • Law & Order Trust Fund • Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Programme / Trust Fund (APRP) • Enhancing Legal and Electoral Capacity for Tomorrow (ELECT) • National Area-Based Development Programme (NABDP) • Afghanistan Sub-National Governance Programme (ASGP) • Accountability & Transparency (ACT) Anti-corruption programme • Justice and Human Rights Programme • National Institution Building Programme (NIBP) • Gender Equality • Closing the Security Gap

  9. Law & Order Trust Fund (LOTFA) Duration Sept 2008 – June 2010 New phase VI (July 2011-March 2013) under finalisation Total budget US$ 632,705,321 (14 donors) US$ 1.3 Billion for the new phase VI Overview Formation of Afghan National Police & remuneration Institutional development Procurement of non lethal police equipment Rehabilitation/maintenance of facilities Gender Mainstreaming: recruitment/training Payment of remuneration of uniformed CPD/MoJ Achievements ANP Remunerations: Towards Greater Accountability Institutional Development: Long-term Sustainability of Systems Procurement of Equipment: Greater Police Mobility Police Facilities: Improved Police Morale & Efficiency Gender Mainstreaming: Gender empowerment in MoI Remuneration to CPD Personnel: Linkage to Justice Sector

  10. Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Programme (APRP) Programme Pillars and implementation phases Programme has been formed with three broad pillars complementing one another for encouraging and contributing to the peace and reintegration process: Security Pillar Governance, Rule of Law and Human Rights Pillar Social and Economic Development Pillar Stage One – Social Outreach, Confidence-Building, and Negotiation Stage Two – Demobilization Stage Three – Consolidation of Peace • Duration • August 2010 – July 2015 • Total budget • US$ 221,205,252 • Overview • Goal of the APRP is to promote peace through a political approach. • Encourage regional and international cooperation. • Create the political and judicial conditions for peace and reconciliation, • Encourage combatant foot soldiers and commanders, to live within the laws of Afghanistan, and to join a constructive process of reintegration and peace.

  11. Enhancing Legal and Electoral Capacity for Tomorrow (ELECT) Duration October 2006 – March / June 2011 Follow up programme under finalisation. Total budget US$ 173, 094,000 Achievements Electoral process are now Afghan-led and driven Electoral management bodies committed to address fraud, consistently and without bias. Credible and independent IEC . Majority believes that all groups should have equal rights to representation in government; elections are widely believed to have contributed to this. Dissent has been expressed, peacefully. Participation of women remains consistent, in spite of heightened security concerns. Overview • Primary objective – support efforts of Afghan electoral authorities to prepare & conduct credible elections in an insecure and unstable environment. • Based on assumption that credible leadership and strong institutions are necessary for stability and a precursor to reconstruction and development. • ELECT is a vehicle for international community to support the IEC to plan and conduct elections. Project objectives have evolved, according to circumstances, achievements and needs.

  12. Accountability & Transparency (ACT) Anti-corruption programme Duration January 2007 – March 2012 (implementation began only in 2009) Total budget US$ 22,310,825 Overview Designed to support the Government in developing the necessary capacities to fight corruption. Empahsis on prevention, awareness-raising and capacity development. S Holistic approach required for the successful fight against corruption, close coordiantion and colaboration with international development partners Focus on the enforcement side to ensure that activities and approaches are complimentary. Achievements High Office of Oversight enabled to fulfill its mandate Strategic, Regional and International Partnerships Developed Complaints and Investigation Capacity Established/Developed Capacity of CAO Strengthened to Enhance Financial Accountability in Government Institutions: Civil Society Actors and Media Involved in the Fight Against Corruption

  13. Afghanistan Sub-National Governance Programme (ASGP) Achievements PGO and partners improved knowledge about sub-national Governance policies and enhance skills for the performance of their functions; including provinces taking lead developmental roles within their boundaries. Provincial Strategic Plans and profiles developed in Heart and Balkh and initiated in five more provinces to allow for longer term development planning at the provincial level. Provincial Councils conduct public outreach and at least 6 provincial councils trained in public outreach and development plans. In addition Provincial Council outreach to districts piloted in at least six provinces. Revenue Improvement Action Planning introduced in 26 additional municipalities and tax mapping implemented in 3 additional provincial municipalities and 13 municipalities achieved increase in revenues ranging from 2 to 247. • Duration • 2010 – 2014 (Phase II) • Total budget • US$ 179,708,653 • Overview • In 2010 ASGP made a transition from phase one to the second phase in which ASGP is significantly scaling up existing programmes in policy development, implementation, capacity development and coordination. • ASGP supports the “Good Governance and Rule of Law” pillar of ANDS, which requires that, by 2010; government machinery will be restructured and rationalized to ensure a fiscally sustainable public administration. The main beneficiaries are IDLG, PGOs, DGOs, PCs (and in the future DCs), and municipalities and therefore ASGP is implemented at the national, provincial and municipal levels.

  14. Justice and Human rights Programme Duration June 2009 – June 2012 Total budget US$ 36,958,430 Overview Continuing UNDP’s assistance to the justice sector since 2002, the Justice and Human Rights in Afghanistan (JHRA) Project is designed in conformity with Afghanistan’s National Justice Programme (NJP), which constitutes the justice section of the Afghan National Development Strategy (ANDS ) Achievements JHRA’s Public Legal Awareness Unit (PLAU) developed capacity of the MoJ’s Central , Provincial and District-level Officers and implemented a National PLA Multi-Media Campaign. JHRA completed work on the Supreme Court Translation Unit, including a Knowledge Resource Centre. JHRA marked the inauguration of the Human Rights Support Unit, which was established within the Ministry of Justice; Trained 44 Judges, 38 Prosecutors, 39 Huquq Officers, 18 Judicial Police, 169 Religious Leaders, 465 teachers and 46,500 students in Public Legal Awareness of Human Rights. Construction/ rehabilitation -completed 7 justice facilities including court houses, detention centers and residences and handed them over to district- level officials in Balkh and Baghlan and began 9 new projects in Faryab, Jawzjan and Badakhshan;

  15. National Area-Based Development Programme (NABDP) Duration July 2009 – June 2014 (Phase III) Total budget US$ 294,666,049 Overview NABDP was launched as a joint programme of the Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD) & UNDP) in 2002, Objective of contributing to a sustainable eradication of poverty and a development of livelihoods in rural Afghanistan. NABDP Phase-III ias an economic regeneration programme to focus on the development of infrastructure in rural part of the country as part of the Government’s broader agriculture and rural development strategy. Energy for Rural Development in Afghanistan (ERDA) is one of the major components of NABDP and is designed to support the community for various energy options. Currently, NABDP/ERDA works in 7 provinces across Afghanistan.

  16. National Area-Based Development Programme (NABDP) Achievement Since 2002 up to 2010, 1752 projects completed around the rural areas of the country. These include: Graveling and construction of 1562 kilometer tertiary road, secondary road and concrete road , 631 meter bridge (12 bridges and 136 culverts) Construction of 46 Health and Animal Clinics, 87 public buildings, 10 community centers and 81 schools Completion of 41 agriculture, 22 capacity building, 880 irrigation systems, 9 power systems, 7 livelihood/Social protection, 292 Water supply and sanitation sub-projects. As a result, 2,532,921 labor days created for the rural population and an estimate of 15,453,324 persons benefited from the above mentioned projects. NABDP re implemented through DDAs which are the sole representative body at the district level. So far, 383 DDAs are established in 33 out of 34 provinces. DDAs have developed their own District Development Plans (DDPs) based on which the development projects will be proposed and implemented. 98 DDAs’ members are re-elected and their DDPs updated. Provided 204 capacity development trainings to the members of DDAs and 112 DDAs in 17 provinces received grant in aid for their regular activities. Besides, the DDAs were able to hold 818 community meetings in the villages

  17. National Institution Building Programme Duration July 2009 – June 2014 (Phase III) Total budget US$ 115,019,355 Overview National Institution Building Project (NIBP) provides a coordinated, up-scaled and comprehensive package of Capacity Development (CD) support required by the government at the national and sub-national levels.

  18. National Institution Building Programme Achievements Promotion of south-south cooperation for transfer of knowledge and skills - a tripartite agreement between the Government of India (GOI), the Government of Afghanistan (GOA) and UNDP for cooperation in the filed of capacity development under the project was signed on March 30, 2010. Capacity Development support was provided through coaching and advisory services to (1) Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation (MoTCA); (2) Deputy Ministry of Youth Affairs (DMoYA) of Ministry of Information and Culture (MoIC); (3) Central Statistical Organization (CSO); (4) Procurement Policy Unit (PPU) of Ministry of Finance (MoF); and (5) General Directorate of Programs’ Design and Management (GDPDM) of IARCSC. Capacity Development Plans (CDPs) were prepared for these entities. During 2010, 7 training programmes of two week duration for 20 participants each were conducted in the areas economic development strategy, sustainable agricultural development, public sector training, gender policies, e-governance for administration, women leadership, and local administration on Korea. A one year internship programme is being conducted in Uruzgan province for 50 young graduates to enable them to join civil services at sub-national level as trained staff.

  19. Closing the Security Gap Duration 2009 - 2010 Total budget US$ 21,238,460s Overview Deterioration of the general security within Afghanistan, increasing threats towards the UN since 2008 Inadequacy of the current support provided by the host government to fulfil its security obligation to the UN at this time, have created a security gap. In recognition of these limitations, the UN developed a concept to enhance the current capability by providing additional training, equipment and support to ensure the safety and security of UN personnel. Proposed to strengthen the current protection arrangements and to establish a training cadre to elevate the present, improvised protection elements to an acceptable standard.

  20. Top 20 results for UNDP in Afghanistan 1. Improved performance of the Afghan National Police 2. A more female friendly police force 3. Improved police and community relations 4. Key ministries mainstream gender issues into policies, programs & activities 5. Religious leaders integrate women’s rights into prayers 6. Vulnerable women are able to access justice 7. Government revenue enhanced due to anti-corruption efforts in the Ministry of Finance 8. Government integrates international human rights standards into national policies 9. Basic structures are in place for the peace process 10. Afghans lead Parliamentary election

  21. Top 20 results for UNDP in Afghanistan • 11. Provided opportunities for Afghanistan’s youth • 12. Making affordable road transport accessible • 13. Communities plan local development projects through representative bodies • 14. Afghans have access to basic necessities like electricity and clean water • 15. Created opportunities for legal employment in unstable or insecure areas • 16. Improved effectiveness of sub-national governance entities • 17. Afghanistan’s Ministry of Finance successfully manages the budget cycle • 18. Foundations for sub-national governance put in place • 19. Enhanced service delivery at the municipal level: waste management • 20. Enhanced service delivery at the municipal level: revenue enhancement

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