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Lead-Up to Civil War—4

Lead-Up to Civil War—4. Court Decision and Election. Dred and Harriet Scott. Dred Scott. Slave owned by MO Army doctor Taken to IL and WI (free territories) Returned to MO where he sued for freedom Grounds—living in free territory Test case. Decision. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney

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Lead-Up to Civil War—4

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  1. Lead-Up to Civil War—4 Court Decision and Election

  2. Dred and Harriet Scott

  3. Dred Scott • Slave owned by MO Army doctor • Taken to IL and WI (free territories) • Returned to MO where he sued for freedom • Grounds—living in free territory • Test case

  4. Decision • Chief Justice Roger B. Taney • Slave, not citizen • No right to sue • Slaves are property—government can’t take property without due process • Government can’t prohibit slavery in territories

  5. Chief Justice Taney

  6. Effect • Missouri Compromise unconstitutional • Slavery legal in all states and territories

  7. Congressional Election of 1858Illinois • Dem.—Stephen A. Douglas • Lawyer • Incumbent • “Little Giant” • Popular Sovereignty

  8. Rep.—Abraham Lincoln • Poor and from backcountry • Self-taught lawyer • Government should outlaw spread of slavery • Not as well-known

  9. Debates • 7 throughout Illinois • Main issue—slavery • Douglas—well-dressed with powerful speaking voice • Lincoln—tall with ill-fitting clothes and high-pitched squeaky voice

  10. Freeport Doctrine • Lincoln asked—Can the people exclude slavery before statehood? • Douglas answered—Yes, by not passing laws to protect slavery

  11. Moral Question • Douglas said Lincoln favored full equality for African Americans • Lincoln answered • Yes, as far as supporting self with labor • The issue is some think slavery is wrong and some think it is right • Republicans think slavery is wrong

  12. Election Results • Douglas won • Lincoln received many votes and national recognition

  13. Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA

  14. Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA • 1859 • John Brown tried to start slave rebellion • Abolitionist who thought any means, even violence, was justified to end slavery

  15. Attacked arsenal and rifle factory to gain weapons • Locals and Federal troops quickly stopped raid

  16. Casualties • 10 of Brown’s men—2 of his sons • 4 civilians • 1 marine • 2 slaves

  17. Brown arrested, tried, convicted, executed • Northerners believed him either martyr or madman • Southerners feared him as Satan

  18. Southern Response • Organized militias • Declared martial law • Planters increased discipline and punishments

  19. Images • Slide 2—in History of the Colored Race in America by William Alexander, 1887 • Slide 5—from print collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, 1860? • Slide 8—print from engraving by William Sartain

  20. Slide 11—Victor Semon Perard, 1896 • Slide 15—in Mid-Manhattan Picture Collection, 1859 • Slide 18—in The Capture and Execution of John Brown; A Tale of Martyrdom by Elijah Avey, Eye Witness, 1906

  21. Slide 20-- in The Capture and Execution of John Brown; A Tale of Martyrdom by Elijah Avey, Eye Witness, 1906

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