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University of Surrey’s Open Access Mandate Impact Benefits & Important Implementation Details

University of Surrey’s Open Access Mandate Impact Benefits & Important Implementation Details. Stevan Harnad Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Sciences Université du Québec à Montréal & School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton. Open Access is:. Free, Immediate

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University of Surrey’s Open Access Mandate Impact Benefits & Important Implementation Details

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  1. University of Surrey’s Open Access MandateImpact Benefits&Important Implementation Details Stevan Harnad Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Sciences Université du Québec à Montréal & School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  2. Open Access is: • Free, • Immediate • Permanent • Full-Text • On-Line • Access U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  3. Open Access to What? • 1. Books • 2. Textbooks • 3. Magazine articles • 4. Newspaper articles • 5. Music • 6. Video • 7. Software • 8. “Knowledge” • 9. Data • 10. Unrefereed Preprints ~2.5 million articles yearly ~25,000 peer-reviewed journals U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  4. New impact cycles:New research builds on existing research Impact cycle begins: Research is done Researchers write pre-refereeing “Pre-Print” 12-18 Months Submitted to Journal Pre-Print reviewed by Peer Experts – “Peer-Review” Pre-Print revised by article’s Authors Refereed “Post-Print” Accepted, Certified, Published by Journal Researchers can access the Post-Print if their university has a subscription to the Journal U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  5. More impact cycles: Impact cycle begins: Research is done Researchers write pre-refereeing “Pre-Print” Submitted to Journal 12-18 Months Pre-Print reviewed by Peer Experts – “Peer-Review” Pre-Print revised by article’s Authors Refereed “Post-Print” Accepted, Certified, Published by Journal Researchers can access the Post-Print if their university has a subscription to the Journal New impact cycles: New research builds on existing research U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  6. There are plenty of repositories U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  7. But almost all of them are almost-empty of OA’s target content (5-25%) 2002-2006 2002-2008 U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  8. Author Surveys (Alma Swan) U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  9. U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  10. 8. Open Access: How? U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  11. Optimal OA Mandate ID/OA: The Immediate Deposit, Optional Access-setting (ID/OA) Mandate ID/IA: The Immediate Deposit/Immediate Access Mandate (too strong) ID/DA: The Immediate Deposit/Delayed Access Mandate  (too vague) DD/DA: Delayed Deposit/Delayed Access Mandate  (too weak) Author Licensing Mandate ("author addendum") (too strong and too vague)

  12. Optimal OA Mandate • “I wish to remind you that, as announced a year ago in March 2007, starting October 1st, 2009, only those references introduced in ORBi will be taken into consideration as the official list of publications accompanying any curriculum vitae for all evaluation procedures 'in house' (designations, promotions, grant applications, etc.). “ – Bernard Rentier, Recteur, Université de Liège U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  13. 4. Open Access: Why? U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  14. “Online or Invisible?” (Lawrence 2001) “average of 336% more citations to online articles compared to offline articles published in the same venue” Lawrence, S. (2001) Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact Nature 411 (6837): 521. http://www.neci.nec.com/~lawrence/papers/online-nature01/ U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  15. Lawrence (2001) findings for computer science conference papers. More OA every year for all citation levels; higher with higher citation levels U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  16. 5. Open Access Advantage U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  17. Impact Range = 36%-200% (Data: Stevan Harnad and co-workers) U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  18. Early Access Advantage: OA is accelerating the research access/usage/citation cycle. OA articles are being cited sooner and sooner (Data from Physics Arxiv) U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  19. Cumulative citations 1998-2001 1999-2008 2000-2008 2001-2008 2002-2008 2003-2008 2004-2008 2005-2008 2006-2008 U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  20. Data from arXiv Downloads (“hits”) in the first 6 months correlate with citations 2 years later Most articles are not cited at all Earlier download metrics correlated with later citation metrics Brody, T., Harnad, S. and Carr, L. (2006) Earlier Web Usage Statistics as Predictors of Later Citation Impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST) 57(8): 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/ U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  21. Figure 4 U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  22. Figure 3 2006-2009 Citation cumulation rates For refereed, post-publication post-prints, across all fields For pre-refreeing pre-prints, in physics arXiv 2005-2009 2004-2009 2003-2009 2002-2009 2001-2009 2000-2009 1999-2009 1998-2009 U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  23. Engineering OA/NOA 128/992 Biology 225/865 Biology Research 82/1039 Chemistry 38/1082 Psychology 275/839 Mathematics 360/690 Clinical Medicine 26/1094 Health 841/267 Physics 267/853 Social Science 233/871 Earth Science 265/855 U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  24. Comparing the self-selected OA Advantage With the mandated OA Advantage U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  25. 7. Open Access Metrics U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  26. U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  27. U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  28. Time-Course and cycle of Citations (red)and Usage (hits, green)Witten, Edward (1998) String Theory and Noncommutative Geometry Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 : 253 Preprint or Postprint appears. 2. It is downloaded (and sometimes read). 3. Next, citations may follow (for more important papers)… 4. This generates more downloads… 5. More citations... U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  29. RAE 2001 Rankings for Psychology U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  30. Research Assessment, Research Funding, and Citation Impact “Correlation between RAE ratings and mean departmental citations +0.91 (1996) +0.86 (2001) (Psychology)” “RAE and citation counting measure broadly the same thing” “Citation counting is both more cost-effective and more transparent” (Eysenck & Smith 2002) http://psyserver.pc.rhbnc.ac.uk/citations.pdf U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  31. U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  32. Sample citation and download growth with time. (Downloads only start in 2005 because that is when this paper was deposited.) Early growth rate and late decay metrics for downloads and citations can also be derived. U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  33. Citations (C) CiteRank (like Google) Co-citations Downloads (D) C/D Correlations Hub/Authority index Chronometrics: Latency/Longevity Endogamy/Exogamy Book citation index Links Tags Commentaries Journal Impact Factor Sample of candidate OA-era metrics: • h-index (and variants) • Co-authorships • Publication counts • Number of publishing years • Semiometrics (latent semantic indexing, text overlap, etc.) • Research funding • Students • Prizes U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

  34. Benefit/Cost comparisons for the UK(GBP millions over 20 years and benefit/cost ratio) Note: Compares Open Access alternatives against subscription publishing of national outputs, with costs, savings and increased returns expressed in Net Present Value over 20 years (GBP millions).Returns are to public sector and higher education R&D spending. HE = Higher Education. U Surrey 16 Feb 2010 Centre for Strategic Economic Studies

  35. Author’s URLs (UQAM & Southampton): http://www.crsc.uqam.ca/ http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/ BIBLIOGRAPHY ON OA IMACT ADVANTAGE: http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html BOAI Self-Archiving FAQ: http://www.eprints.org/self-faq/ CITEBASE (scientometric engine):http://citebase.eprints.org/ EPRINTS: http://www.eprints.org/ OA ARCHIVANGELISM: http://openaccess.eprints.org/ ROAR (Registry of OA Repositories):http://roar.eprints.org/ ROARMAP (Registry of OA Repository Mandates): http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/ ROMEO/EPRINTS (Directory of Journal Policies on author OA Self-Archiving):http://romeo.eprints.org/ U Surrey 16 Feb 2010

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