Accounting for Merchandising Companies: Journal Entries

1. PrinciplesofAccounting Accounting for Merchandising Companies: Journal Entries HelpLesson #4 By Laurie L. Swanson

2. Merchandising Company A merchandising business is one that buys and sells goods in order to make a profit. This presentation is under continuing development.

3. Merchandise The goods that a company buys in order to resell are known as merchandise.

4. Accounting for Merchandise Merchandise may be accounted for under one of two inventory methods: • Perpetual Inventory • Periodic Inventory For this presentation, we will assume a perpetual inventory system.

5. Chart of Accounts Additional accounts must be added to the Chart of Accounts for a merchandising company.

6. Merchandise Transactions Several types of transactions are common for merchandising companies: • Purchase of Merchandise • Sale of Merchandise • Purchase Return • Sales Return • Payment on Account • Receipt on Account

7. Purchase of Merchandise Before it can be sold, Merchandise must be purchased. The seller of merchandise is more commonly known as the vendor. The source document for a purchaseof merchandise is the purchase invoice.

8. Journal Entry for aPurchase of Merchandise Jones Career Consulting purchased 24 books from XYZ Publishing about developing a resume to resell to clients. The total purchase cost, including shipping, was $265. The books were purchased on account. The journal entry to record this transaction in a perpetual inventory system is as follows.

9. Purchase Returns & Allowances Sometimes merchandise must be returned to the vendor or an adjustment is made to the amount due for the merchandise (allowance). The source document for a purchasereturn or allowance is the debit memorandum.

10. Effect of Purchase Returns & Allowances When a return is made or an allowance is granted for merchandise bought on account, the effect of the transaction is to reduce the amount due to the Vendor (Accounts Payable) and to reduce the value of Merchandise Inventory.

11. Journal Entry for aPurchase Return Jones Career Consulting returned 4 damaged books to XYZ Publishing. The total value of the merchandise returned was $50. The journal entry to record this transaction in a perpetual inventory system is as follows.

12. Journal Entry for aPurchase Allowance The most typical reason for a purchase allowance is damaged merchandise. The journal entry to record a purchase allowance is the same as the entry to record a purchase return. Assume that JCC discarded the 4 damaged books and received an allowance from the vendor. The journal entry would be the same as the previous transaction as shown below.

13. Purchase Discounts Merchandise is often purchased on account. When this occurs, the business and the vendor must agree on the credit terms. The credit terms determine when the invoice must be paid. Many vendors offer a discount if the invoice is paid within a specified period of time that is less than the full credit term. When you are the buyer receiving a discount, it is known as a purchase discount.

14. Purchase Discounts Discount terms are stated in the following way 2/10, n/30 This term is read “Two ten, net thirty” and means that the buyer will receive a 2 percent discount on the purchase price if the invoice is paid within ten days of the invoice date, else the total (net) is due within thirty days. Other discount terms include 1/15, n/30 and 3/10, n/45

15. Invoice Date: 6/15/03 Terms: 2/10, n/30 Purchase of 20 books at $12.50 ea. $250.00 Shipping 15.00 $265.00 Total Due Calculating a Purchase Discount The credit terms for this invoice indicate that if this invoice is paid by June 25 (10 days after the invoice date), the buyer may take a 2% discount on the merchandise price. Otherwise, the total amount due ($265.00) must be paid by July 15. NOTE: Discounts are calculated on the merchandise cost only. If this invoice is paid on June 15, the amount due would be $260.00. The discount of $5.00 ($250.00 * .02) is deducted from the total due in determining the amount to pay. Examine this invoice.

16. Journal Entry for Payment witha Purchase Discount A compound entry is required to journalize the entry to record payment of an invoice when the discount is taken. Assume that JCC pays the invoice of 6/15/03 on 6/22/03. Further assume that no merchandise has ever been returned or granted an allowance. The journal entry to record the payment of the invoice is as follows.

17. Affect of Discount on Accounts Payable Notice that Accounts Payable is debited for $265 even though the company was paid only $260. If Accounts Payable were not debited for the full amount of the invoice, a balance of $5 would remain in this account. When a discount is granted, the purchaser pays the amount of the invoice less the discount but is given credit by the creditor for the full amount.

18. Affect of Discount on Merchandise Inventory Notice that the purchase discount is deducted directly from the Merchandise Inventory account. The affect of a purchase discount is to reduce the cost of the merchandise purchased. This is accomplished in the journal entry by crediting Merchandise Inventory.

19. Journal Entry for Payment witha Purchase Discount Now examine the journal entry when the allowance for the four books is taken into account. Notice that the discount cannot be calculated on the amount of the returned merchandise, and the balance of Accounts Payable has been reduced by the amount of the return. (See the slide for Journal Entry for a Purchase Allowance if you need a reminder.)

20. Explanation of the Calculation of the Payment amount witha Purchase Discount and Allowance In order to calculate the amount due on the invoice, first deduct the amount of the purchase allowance. Next, deduct the shipping cost in order to determine the amount of the discount. The total due to XYZ is $211 ($215 less the $4 discount).

21. Sales JCCInvoice Sale of Merchandise The purpose of buying merchandise is to resell it, generally at a profit. The source document for a sale of merchandise is the sales invoice.

22. Recording the Sale of Merchandise Two journal entries are required to record the sale of merchandise in a perpetual inventory system-- • The first entry records the sale of the merchandise and either the receipt of cash or the account receivable. The amount used in this transaction is the sales price of the merchandise. • The second entry records the reduction in merchandise and the recognition of an expense for the cost of merchandise sold. The amount used in this transaction is the cost of the merchandise.

23. Journal Entry for aSale of Merchandise Jones Career Consulting sold 2 books to Harry Minor on account for a total of $50. The total cost of the books sold was $25. The journal entries to record this transaction in a perpetual inventory system are as follows.

24. Sales Returns & Allowances Just as merchandise is sometimes returned to the vendor or an adjustment is made to the amount due for the merchandise (allowance), the seller must sometimes account for a sales return or allowance. The source document for a salesreturn or allowance is the credit memorandum.

25. Recording a Sales Return or Allowance Recall that two journal entries are required to record the sale of merchandise in a perpetual inventory system. Two journal entries are also required to record a sales return or allowance. • The first entry recognizes the sales return or allowance and either the payment of cash or the reduction of the account receivable. The amount used in this transaction is the sales price of the merchandise returned or adjusted. • The second entry records the replacement of the merchandise in inventory and the reduction of the expense for the cost of merchandise sold. The amount used in this transaction is the cost of the merchandise.

26. Recording a Sales Return or Allowance The essential affect of the journal entries to record a sales return or allowance is to reverse the original entry to record the sale—it is as if the merchandise was never sold. The only difference is that instead of reducing the Sales account, the amount of returns and allowances are kept up with in the Sales Returns & Allowances account.

27. Journal Entry for aSales Return or Allowance Harry Minor returned one book. The book had been sold by JCC for $25. The cost of the book was $12.50. The journal entries to record this transaction in a perpetual inventory system are as follows.

28. This concludes your review of common transactions for merchandising companies.