1 / 26

Chapter 2 Application Layer

Chapter 2 Application Layer. Part 5: Socket programming. Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach , 5 th edition. Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley, April 2009. . 2.1 Principles of network applications 2.2 Web and HTTP 2.3 FTP 2.4 Electronic Mail SMTP, POP3, IMAP 2.5 DNS.

thai
Download Presentation

Chapter 2 Application Layer

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 2Application Layer Part 5: Socket programming Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach, 5th edition. Jim Kurose, Keith RossAddison-Wesley, April 2009. 2: Application Layer

  2. 2.1 Principles of network applications 2.2 Web and HTTP 2.3 FTP 2.4 Electronic Mail SMTP, POP3, IMAP 2.5 DNS 2.6 P2P applications 2.7 Socket programming with UDP 2.8 Socket programming with TCP Chapter 2: Application layer 2: Application Layer

  3. process process TCP with buffers, variables TCP with buffers, variables socket socket Socket-programming using TCP TCP service: reliable transfer of bytesfrom one process to another controlled by application developer controlled by application developer controlled by operating system controlled by operating system internet host or server host or server 2: Application Layer

  4. Client must contact server server process must first be running server must have created socket (door) that welcomes client’s contact Client contacts server by: creating client-local TCP socket specifying IP address, port number of server process When client creates socket: client TCP establishes connection to server TCP When contacted by client, server TCP creates new socket for server process to communicate with client allows server to talk with multiple clients source port numbers used to distinguish clients (more in Chap 3) TCP provides reliable, in-order transfer of bytes (“pipe”) between client and server application viewpoint Socket programming with TCP 2: Application Layer

  5. create socket, connect to hostid, port=x create socket, port=x, for incoming request: clientSocket = Socket() welcomeSocket = ServerSocket() TCP connection setup wait for incoming connection request connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept() send request using clientSocket read request from connectionSocket write reply to connectionSocket read reply from clientSocket close connectionSocket close clientSocket Client/server socket interaction: TCP Server (running on hostid) Client 2: Application Layer

  6. A stream is a sequence of characters that flow into or out of a process. An input stream is attached to some input source for the process, e.g., keyboard or socket. An output stream is attached to an output source, e.g., monitor or socket. Stream jargon Client process client TCP socket 2: Application Layer

  7. Example client-server app: 1) client reads line from standard input (inFromUser stream) , sends to server via socket (outToServer stream) 2) server reads line from socket 3) server converts line to uppercase, sends back to client 4) client reads, prints modified line from socket (inFromServer stream) Socket programming with TCP 2: Application Layer

  8. Example: Java client (TCP) import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class TCPClient { public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception { String sentence; String modifiedSentence; BufferedReader inFromUser = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789); DataOutputStream outToServer = new DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream()); Create input stream Create client socket, connect to server Create output stream attached to socket 2: Application Layer

  9. Example: Java client (TCP), cont. Create input stream attached to socket BufferedReader inFromServer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream())); sentence = inFromUser.readLine(); outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + '\n'); modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine(); System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence); clientSocket.close(); } } Send line to server Read line from server 2: Application Layer

  10. Example: Java server (TCP) import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class TCPServer { public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception { String clientSentence; String capitalizedSentence; ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new ServerSocket(6789); while(true) { Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept(); BufferedReader inFromClient = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream())); Create welcoming socket at port 6789 Wait, on welcoming socket for contact by client Create input stream, attached to socket 2: Application Layer

  11. Example: Java server (TCP), cont DataOutputStream outToClient = new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream()); clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine(); capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + '\n'; outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence); } } } Create output stream, attached to socket Read in line from socket Write out line to socket End of while loop, loop back and wait for another client connection 2: Application Layer

  12. TCP observations & questions • Server has two types of sockets: • ServerSocket and Socket • When client knocks on serverSocket’s “door,” server creates connectionSocket and completes TCP conx. • Dest IP and port are not explicitly attached to segment. • Can multiple clients use the server? 2: Application Layer

  13. 2.1 Principles of network applications 2.2 Web and HTTP 2.3 FTP 2.4 Electronic Mail SMTP, POP3, IMAP 2.5 DNS 2.6 P2P applications 2.7 Socket programming with UDP 2.8 Socket programming with TCP Chapter 2: Application layer 2: Application Layer

  14. A application-created, OS-controlled interface (a “door”) into which application process can both send and receive messages to/from another application process socket Socket programming Goal: learn how to build client/server application that communicate using sockets Socket API • introduced in BSD4.1 UNIX, 1981 • explicitly created, used, released by apps • client/server paradigm • two types of transport service via socket API: • UDP • TCP 2: Application Layer

  15. Socket programming basics • Server must be running before client can send anything to it. • Server must have a socket (door) through which it receives and sends segments • Similarly client needs a socket • Socket is locally identified with a port number • Analogous to the apt # in a building • Client needs to know server IP address and socket port number. 2: Application Layer

  16. UDP: no “connection” between client and server no handshaking sender explicitly attaches IP address and port of destination to each segment OS attaches IP address and port of sending socket to each segment Server can extract IP address, port of sender from received segment UDP provides unreliable transfer of groups of bytes (“datagrams”) between client and server application viewpoint Socket programming with UDP Note: the official terminology for a UDP packet is “datagram”. In this class, we instead use “UDP segment”. 2: Application Layer

  17. Running example • Client: • User types line of text • Client program sends line to server • Server: • Server receives line of text • Capitalizes all the letters • Sends modified line to client • Client: • Receives line of text • Displays 2: Application Layer

  18. Client create socket, clientSocket = DatagramSocket() Create datagram with server IP and port=x; send datagram viaclientSocket read datagram from serverSocket write reply to serverSocket specifying client address, port number read datagram from clientSocket close clientSocket Client/server socket interaction: UDP Server (running on hostid) create socket, port= x. serverSocket = DatagramSocket() 2: Application Layer

  19. Example: Java client (UDP) Client process Input: receives packet (recall thatTCP received “byte stream”) Output: sends packet (recall that TCP sent “byte stream”) client UDP socket 2: Application Layer

  20. Example: Java client (UDP) import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class UDPClient { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { BufferedReader inFromUser = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); DatagramSocket clientSocket = new DatagramSocket(); InetAddress IPAddress = InetAddress.getByName("hostname"); byte[] sendData = new byte[1024]; byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024]; String sentence = inFromUser.readLine(); sendData = sentence.getBytes(); Create input stream Create client socket Translate hostname to IP address using DNS 2: Application Layer

  21. Example: Java client (UDP), cont. Create datagram with data-to-send, length, IP addr, port DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, 9876); clientSocket.send(sendPacket); DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length); clientSocket.receive(receivePacket); String modifiedSentence = new String(receivePacket.getData()); System.out.println("FROM SERVER:" + modifiedSentence); clientSocket.close(); } } Send datagram to server Read datagram from server 2: Application Layer

  22. Example: Java server (UDP) import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class UDPServer { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { DatagramSocket serverSocket = new DatagramSocket(9876); byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024]; byte[] sendData = new byte[1024]; while(true) { DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length); serverSocket.receive(receivePacket); Create datagram socket at port 9876 Create space for received datagram Receive datagram 2: Application Layer

  23. Example: Java server (UDP), cont String sentence = new String(receivePacket.getData()); InetAddress IPAddress = receivePacket.getAddress(); int port = receivePacket.getPort(); String capitalizedSentence = sentence.toUpperCase(); sendData = capitalizedSentence.getBytes(); DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, port); serverSocket.send(sendPacket); } } } Get IP addr port #, of sender Create datagram to send to client Write out datagram to socket End of while loop, loop back and wait for another datagram 2: Application Layer

  24. UDP observations & questions • Both client server use DatagramSocket • Dest IP and port are explicitly attached to segment. • What would happen if change bothclientSocket and serverSocket to “mySocket”? • Can the client send a segment to server without knowing the server’s IP address and/or port number? • Can multiple clients use the server? 2: Application Layer

  25. application architectures client-server P2P hybrid application service requirements: reliability, bandwidth, delay Internet transport service model connection-oriented, reliable: TCP unreliable, datagrams: UDP our study of network apps now complete! Chapter 2: Summary • specific protocols: • HTTP • FTP • SMTP, POP, IMAP • DNS • P2P: BitTorrent, Skype • socket programming 2: Application Layer

  26. typical request/reply message exchange: client requests info or service server responds with data, status code message formats: headers: fields giving info about data data: info being communicated Most importantly: learned about protocols Chapter 2: Summary • Important themes: • control vs. data msgs • in-band, out-of-band • centralized vs. decentralized • stateless vs. stateful • reliable vs. unreliable msg transfer • “complexity at network edge” 2: Application Layer

More Related