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Protecting Infrastructure: The Role of Standards

Protecting Infrastructure: The Role of Standards. John Hooper Director of Earthquake Engineering Magnusson Klemencic Associates. Haiti—January 12, 2010 Over 220,000 casualties Over 300,000 homes damage/destroyed Over 1.5 M people affected No Codes or Standards. M W 7.0.

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Protecting Infrastructure: The Role of Standards

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  1. Protecting Infrastructure: The Role of Standards John HooperDirector of Earthquake EngineeringMagnusson Klemencic Associates

  2. Haiti—January 12, 2010 • Over 220,000 casualties • Over 300,000 homes damage/destroyed • Over 1.5 M people affected • No Codes or Standards MW 7.0

  3. Chile—February 27, 2010 • Under 500 casualties • Estimated damage: $30B US • Building Codes and Standards similar to US MW 8.8

  4. Performance of Chilean Buildings Post 1985 • Buildings that collapsed: 4 (approximately) • Buildings to be demolished: 50 (estimated) • Number of buildings 9+ stories: 1,939 • Failures of 9+ stories: 2.8%

  5. Crushed Concrete Walls at Transition Zones

  6. Poorly Detailed Concrete Walls

  7. Christchurch—February 22, 2011 • 181 deaths • Estimate damage: $16B • Aftershock intensity exceeded the initial earthquake • Modern building codes and standards MW6.3

  8. Transect of approximately 300 buildings was accurate for nearly 4000.

  9. Grand Chancellor • Reinforced concrete • 19 stories • mid-1980s • Core wall (up to 7th story) • Perimeter frame (above 7th story) Courtesy of Dr. Ken Elwood and EERI

  10. Grand Chancellor East Face South Face Courtesy of Dr. Ken Elwood & EERI

  11. Building Codes and Standards: New Buildings

  12. Building Codes and Standards: New Buildings

  13. Building Codes and Standards: New Buildings

  14. Building Codes and Standards: Existing Buildings

  15. Building Codes and Standards: Existing Buildings

  16. Building Codes and Standards: Existing Buildings

  17. Building Seismic Performance Matrix

  18. Building Seismic Performance Matrix Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Ground Motion Levels Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years)

  19. Building Seismic Performance Matrix Building Performance Levels Life Safe Collapse Prevention Immediate Occupancy Operational Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Ground Motion Levels Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years)

  20. Building Seismic Performance Matrix Building Performance Levels Life Safe Collapse Prevention Immediate Occupancy Operational Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) New Buildings/Basic Retrofit Objective Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Ground Motion Levels Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years)

  21. Building Seismic Performance Matrix Building Performance Levels Life Safe Collapse Prevention Immediate Occupancy Operational Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) New Buildings/Basic Retrofit Objective Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Ground Motion Levels New Essential Facilities/Enhanced Retrofit Objective Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years)

  22. Other Infrastructure Codes & Standards • Bridges • Life safe performance, on par with buildings • Lifelines (water, sewer, gas, power, etc.) • No consistent, national standards • Performance will be inconsistent

  23. Summary • Building Codes and Standards (and their enforcement) make a difference • Continued Code/Standard updates are essential • Analysis • Physical Research • Earthquake Reconnaissance • Need to establish consistent standards for Lifelines • Is Life Safety Performance adequate?

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