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Acids and Bases

Chapter 15. Acids and Bases. Acids. Acids are electrolytes Acid solutions conduct electricity well Acids react with many metals to produce hydrogen gas Weak acids are found in juices, colas, and many other carbonated drinks – they have a tart, sour, or sharp taste

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Chapter 15 Acids and Bases

  2. Acids • Acids are electrolytes • Acid solutions conduct electricity well • Acids react with many metals to produce hydrogen gas • Weak acids are found in juices, colas, and many other carbonated drinks – they have a tart, sour, or sharp taste • Strong acids are caustic and should not be tasted – sulfuric acid used in car batteries and hydrochloric acid used in swimming pools

  3. Hydronium Ions (H3O+) • Acids generate hydronium ions • Strong acids dissociate completely HNO3 + H2O  H3O+ + NO3- • Weak acids dissociate partially HClO+ H2O  H3O+ + ClO-

  4. Acidic Solutions • When a large number of hydronium ions are present in a solution, the solution will be acidic • Acids are called “proton donors” because of the release of the hydrogen ion associated with the acid

  5. Bases • Bases are also electrolytes • Usually solids • Used as cleaning agents - combine with oils • Alkali metals – react with water to form hydroxides (alkaline solutions)

  6. Hydroxide Ions (OH-) • Both strong and weak bases generate hydroxide ions • Bases are called “proton acceptors” because the hydroxide ion readily accepts a hydrogen ion to become water • Strong base – ionizes completely NaOH Na+ + OH- • Weak base – partially ionize NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

  7. Bronsted-Lowry Classification • Just another way to classify acids and bases • Allows for classification of non-liquid substances • Allows for classification of substances that act as an acid or a base in different situations • Acids – A proton donor • Bases – A proton acceptor

  8. Conjugate Acids and Bases • Conjugate Acid – The acid that forms when a base gains a proton • Conjugate Base – The base that forms when an acid loses a proton NH3(aq) + H2O(l)  NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) (base) (acid) (conj. Acid) (conj. Base)

  9. Amphoteric • Describes a substance that has the properties of both an acid and a base • Water is an amphoteric substance because it can donate a hydrogen ion (proton donor) to become hydroxide (OH-) or it can accept a hydrogen ion (proton acceptor) to become hydronium (H3O+)

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