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Evolution

Evolution. Please Grab a New Packet Off Table. What is Evolution? Page: 6. Simply stated, Evolution is the change in a species over time. OR a change in the frequencies of alleles found in a population.

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Evolution

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  1. Evolution Please Grab a New Packet Off Table

  2. What is Evolution?Page: 6 • Simply stated, Evolution is the change in a species over time. • OR a change in the frequencies of alleles found in a population. • Many scientists contributed to Evolution, but Charles Darwin is known as the father of Evolution.

  3. What is Evolution? • Charles traveled by boat to the Galapagos islands where he studied many organisms, most famously finches. • He concluded that the finches on the different Galapagos islands must have had a common ancestor. • Common Ancestry: The idea that all organisms can be trace back to a common ancestor, the branching tree of life.

  4. What is Evolution? • Put the phones in the correct order based on evolution. 1 2 3 4 • What happened to the phones over time? • 1→3→4→2 • Over time the phones advanced in technology and changed shape adapting to individual needs.

  5. Evidence of Evolution Page: 6 • The Fossil record • Biogeography • Structural Evidence- similarities in anatomy. • Molecular Evidence-similarities in DNA or amino acid sequence.

  6. Evidence of Evolution-Fossils • 1.The Fossil Record: • Fossils are the physical evidence of earlier life. • They show evidence of an organisms changing over time and growing more complex. • Only 10% of organisms actually become fossils.

  7. Evidence of Evolution-Fossils • How old are fossils? • Relative Dating- We date organisms in the fossil record based on where they are in the rock layer. • Older fossils are found further down.

  8. Evidence of Evolution-Fossils • Except: • Stasis- An organism shows no evolution in different parts of the fossil record. Ex: Earthworm burrows or clam shells. • Sudden Appearance- is when an organism appears in the fossil record once it is fully formed. Ex: mosquito in amber

  9. Evidence of Evolution-Fossils • Based on the rock layer below which one is the oldest? • Why? • Trilobites • Because they are the furthest down in the rock layer.

  10. Let’s Examine Fossils Page: 12 • Directions: Cut out the correct fossils, and place them in the correct order according to the scenario. • Answer the questions that follow.

  11. Evidence of Evolution- Biogeography Page:7 • Please take 5-6 minutes to fill in your notes. • Actively read the notes and pay attention to what you are writing down.

  12. Evidence of Evolution- Biogeography Page:7 • The study of different species and their geographic location over time. • Shows how geographic conditions can create change through isolation. • Biogeography can help prove two species have a common ancestor.

  13. Evidence of Evolution- Biogeography Page:7 • How does this map support biogeography? • The map shows different species have changed location and evolved in that location over time.

  14. Evidence of Evolution-Molecular Page:7 • Scientists compare the DNA or amino acid sequences of different species. • The lesser amount of differences indicate the two species are more closely related.

  15. Evidence of Evolution-Molecular • Cladogram: A diagram used to show how closely related organisms are. • What two organisms are most closely related? • Chimp and mouse • How do you know? • They have the most traits in common with each other • What characteristics do the lizard and salamander have in common? • Vertebrae, Jaws and Lungs

  16. Evidence of Evolution-Molecular • Cladogram: A diagram used to show how closely related organisms are. • What two organisms are most closely related? • Chimp and mouse • How do you know? • They have the most traits in common with each other • What characteristics do the lizard and salamander have in common? • Vertebrae, Jaws and Lungs

  17. Evidence of Evolution-Structures Page:8 • Homologous structures are similar structures that serve a different function. • Vestigial structures are: structures that are no longer functional or reduced in size.

  18. Evidence of Evolution-Structures • Embryology is the study of how organisms look as early embryos. • The more recent the common ancestor the longer the two organisms will look alike as embryos. • Which two have the most recent common ancestor? Hog Calf Turtle Rabbit Fish Human Chicken Salamander

  19. Evidence of Evolution-Structures • In your own words explain how structural evidence is used to support the idea of common ancestry. Hog Calf Turtle Rabbit Fish Human Chicken Salamander

  20. How does Evolution Happen? Page: 9 • 1. Natural Selection • 2. Mutation • 3. Gene Flow • 4. Genetic Drift

  21. How does Evolution Happen- Natural Selection & Adaptations • 1. Natural Selection • Charles Darwin said most fit organisms have traits that help them survive longer and reproduce more; thereby passing on their fit traits. • Desirable traits are passed on and undesirable traits are lost. This is called survival of the fittest. • Over time a new species develops.

  22. How does Evolution Happen- Natural Selection & Adaptations • 1. Natural Selection • Adaptation is any inherited characteristic that increases a organisms fitness. • 2. Mutation • Some organisms have mutations that lead to genetic variation. • Mutations can be helpful or harmful. • Only mutations found in the gametes can be passed on to offspring. • Only the mutations that can be passed to offspring can effect evolution. A B Which moths were more fit for their environment in image A? What happened to the population over time?

  23. How does Evolution Happen- Gene Flow & Genetic Drift Page:9 • 3. Gene Flow • Any movement of genes (alleles) from one population to another. • Also called migration. • Migration into or out of a population can change the frequencies of alleles (the number of organisms carrying a variation of a gene). What will happen to the green population over time?

  24. How does Evolution Happen- Gene Flow & Genetic Drift Page:9 • 4. Genetic Drift • Some genes are passed on by chance and over time these genes become more common. • Some individuals that carry a specific trait may have more offspring by chance. Over time this allele can become more common. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0TM4LQmoZY What will happen to the green beetles over time?

  25. Hint for Page: 13 • On Page 13 pay attention to the change in the fins…

  26. Let’s Examine Fossils Page: 12 • Directions: Cut out the correct fossils, and place them in the correct order according to the scenario. • Answer the questions that follow.

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