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Methodological Issues and Techniques

Explore methodologies for studying the overlap of cognitive, emotional, and movement domains, identifying phenotypes, classifying symptoms/syndromes/diseases, and addressing barriers in intervention development. Prioritize research through meta-analyses, cohorts, and clinical trials while fostering interdisciplinary collaboration.

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Methodological Issues and Techniques

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  1. Methodological Issues and Techniques Dinner Working Group

  2. Methodologies for Looking at Domains • Much on Cognition and Movement • Little on emotion and movement • Little on all three together • Little on components of individual domains, e.g., components of emotion; depression (e.g., apathy) • Use of existing longitudinal data sets to explore relationships of domains • Innovative approaches to evaluating multiple fluctuating variables over time (eg. simltaneous change models) • Methodologies for looking at underlying cause

  3. Developing Phenotypes ofInteractions • Measuring and defining areas of overlap of domains • Bi-directional interactions, multi-directional interactions • “Comorbidities” as shared environmental or genetic factors • When should this be considered a syndrome? • Longitudinal perspective • Analytical approaches to account for variations and interactions over time • Using clinical intervention studies focusing on one domain to explore effects on others • General tools • Mechanistic-based

  4. Distinction between Symptoms, Syndromes and Diseases • Symptoms and/or risk factors • Syndrome: set of symptom/risk factor clusters with statistical properties • What are requisite statistical properties? • Disease: syndrome plus • Epidemiologic profile • Shared risk factors • Predictable natural history • Biological basis with biomarkers • Treatment response

  5. Barriers to Development of Interventions • Phenotypes poorly defined • need better conceptual definitions of conditions (e.g., depression) • Need better operational definitions (instruments) to identify areas for clinical trials • Need concurrence between conceptual and operational definitions • Currently have only operational definitions (scores) in many instances • Diagnoses of inclusion vs diagnoses of exclusion (idiopathic conditions) • Current taxonomy often depends on specific biomarkers to define diseases/conditions

  6. Research Priorities Inventory of research on overlap of domains as basis for identifying future directions in • Meta-analyses • Prospective cohorts • Clinical trials • Encourage interdisciplinary scientists with targeted career development initiatives focusing on these area

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